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<p>We don&#x2019;t have to put up with crap like this…</p>

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Another Reason To Be Grateful To Live In Wyoming: Reason #2 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

We don't have to put up with crap like this...

Another Reason To Be Grateful To Live In Wyoming: Reason #2

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Wyoming Life

For much of the week, the southeast corner of Wyoming sat beneath a series of severe thunderstorm and tornado watches as forecasters warned of damaging winds and isolated twisters.

For many Wyomingites, especially those living around Cheyenne, the warnings were nothing new.

While tornadoes often grab the headlines, longtime residents know another summer menace can be just as destructive: monster hail.

The southeast corner of Wyoming has earned a reputation for storms capable of dropping baseball-sized chunks of ice, shredding roofs, smashing windshields and turning an ordinary June afternoon into an insurance adjuster's busiest day of the year.

Meteorologists say that's no accident. Wyoming's unique geography helps create some of the nation's most favorable conditions for severe hail-producing thunderstorms.

Cheyenne meteorologist Colby Goatley said June marks the beginning of Wyoming's most active severe weather season because warm, moisture-rich air from the Gulf of Mexico finally pushes far enough north to collide with colder air arriving from Canada.

[{"type":"text","text":"That combination creates the unstable atmosphere thunderstorms thrive on."}]

Meteorologists begin each morning searching for the ingredients that could transform an ordinary summer afternoon into one filled with severe weather warnings.

Moisture near the ground, colder air aloft, an unstable atmosphere and shifting winds at different elevations all help determine whether thunderstorms are likely to become severe.

"June is an active month because the warm, moist air primarily from the Gulf ... is finally able to start intruding into this region," Goatley said. "Combined with the colder air we're getting from the north, it helps fuel thunderstorm activity."

[{"type":"text","text":"Justin Ochsner has spent years watching what those storms leave behind."}]

The Cheyenne roofing contractor with Residential Roofing LC said southeast Wyoming is so prone to damaging hail that people in the industry simply call it "a hail market."

"The general lifespan of a roof in Cheyenne is about eight years, just because of weather — between wind and hail," Ochsner said.

Elsewhere in the country, asphalt-shingle roofs often last 20 years or more. In southeast Wyoming, intense ultraviolet rays, relentless winds, freeze-thaw cycles and frequent hail dramatically shorten that lifespan.

"We do live in what we call a hail market because we get hit with hail so often," Ochsner said.

[{"type":"text","text":"Some years produce relatively little damage. Then the cycle flips."}]

"We might have a drought for three or four years, and then we'll get hit two or three years in a row," Ochsner said.

He points to Aug. 1, 2025, as one of the worst recent examples, when baseball- and softball-sized hail battered parts of Cheyenne. The phones started ringing as homeowners discovered damaged roofs across the city, he said.

Even homeowners who invest in impact-resistant shingles aren't always spared.

Fresh hail damage often appears as dark bruises on shingles, Ochsner said. Over time, Wyoming's intense sunshine eats away the damaged asphalt until the fiberglass mat underneath is exposed, eventually leading to leaks if the roof isn't replaced.

For lifelong Cheyenne residents, severe summer weather is simply part of living on the High Plains.

State Rep. Landon Brown, R-Cheyenne, remembers destructive hailstorms in 2018 and again last Aug. 1. But the city's history with violent weather stretches back much further.

As a child more than 30 years ago, Brown remembers tornadoes touching down around Cheyenne. His parents still talk about the 

 and the August 1, 1985 flood, which killed 12 people. The flooding claimed lives in what is now Brown's legislative district.

"Lots of stuff has happened here," Brown said. "We have such a unique setup here that a lot of people don't realize just how unique Cheyenne is."

That history has shaped how residents react when severe weather is forecast.

"If they know it's happening, they try to go find a place to go," Brown said, referring to moving vehicles under cover. "But there's also people that just ... know that it's part of living in Cheyenne, that we're going to have hail-damaged cars for a while."

While this week's storms have passed, Brown said nobody in Cheyenne believes the season is over.

"Frontier Days is always the time that we get one or two good storms," he said.

For Goatley, Wyoming's reputation for unpredictable weather is well earned.

Within the weather community, he said, forecasters know just how active the state can become during the summer.

[{"type":"text","text":"The public, perhaps, not so much."}]

"People are looking at the Plains," Goatley said. "But we're where the storms like to start."

[{"type":"text","text":"The answer, in large part, lies in the Rockies and the Laramie Range."}]

Storms frequently develop along Wyoming's higher terrain before drifting east onto the plains, where atmospheric conditions become especially favorable for hail growth.

"The mountains themselves serve as a great initialization for storms," Goatley said. "You'll see them form off that terrain and then move eastward."

Many of those same storms continue marching into Nebraska and Kansas, but southeast Wyoming often experiences the earliest and most explosive stages of their development.

[{"type":"text","text":"As Goatley puts it: \"We're where the storms like to start.\""}]

Goatley said Wyoming residents — particularly those living east of the mountains — are more likely to contend with hail and damaging straight-line winds than tornadoes.

[{"type":"text","text":"For newcomers, that's one of the first lessons summer teaches."}]

"Definitely the hail," Goatley said when asked what people moving to Wyoming should know. "Especially east of the mountains."

Although tornadoes do occur in Wyoming, he said residents shouldn't expect the giant, long-track twisters more commonly associated with the Southern Plains.

"It's definitely something to at least be aware of," Goatley said. "But definitely don't plan on any Oklahoma-style monster tornadoes."

Instead, Goatley said Wyoming weather demands respect because of its variety.

"Wyoming's weather is wild and wonderful," he said. "You get a little bit of everything. If you're bored of one season, just wait for the next."

Storm clouds over cheyenne 6 26 26

<title>In Wyoming's 'Hail Alley,' Giant Ice Balls Falling From The Sky Are Normal  | Cowboy State Daily</title>

For much of the week, the southeast corner of Wyoming had a series of tornado watches and warnings. While tornadoes grab the headlines, residents know the real menace is monster hail. "We're where the storms like to start," said meteorologist Colby Goatley.

In Wyoming's 'Hail Alley,' Giant Ice Balls Falling From The Sky Are Normal 

Heinz mark

Mark Heinz

Outdoors

After repeatedly getting too close to people and possible food sources, a popular young grizzly called Miracle was captured and relocated by wildlife agents in Grand Teton National Park on Thursday afternoon.

It was the necessary next step for human safety and the bear’s well-being, Grand Teton spokeswoman Emily Davis told Cowboy State Daily early Friday.

Miracle has been hanging around the Colter Bay area, where she was captured.

Earlier this month, dog handlers with Karelian bear dogs were brought in to try hazing Miracle away from crowded areas.

Fans of Miracle have assumed the bear was a female. That was confirmed when she was captured, Davis said.

The bear weighs roughly 80 pounds. She was tagged and officially designated “GB (grizzly bear) 1199,” she said.

Miracle is thought to be about 2.5 years old, and assumed to the offspring of another popular bear, Grizzly 1063.

Biologists think “it’s highly likely that she’s 1063’s offspring” but only a DNA test could affirm that, Davis said.

Miracle/Grizzly 1199 was relocated to a remote location in Grand Teton, she said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"‘A Fed Bear Is A Dead Bear’"}]

“There have been no documented cases of her (Miracle/Grizzly 1199) getting a food reward” but the possibility seemed imminent, Davis said.

A bear getting food rewards, or becoming “food-conditioned,” as officials put it, is considered a critical tipping point. And it usually doesn’t end well for the bear.

“A fed bear is a dead bear” is a common saying among wildlife biologists and bear enthusiasts.

Wildlife agents recently euthanized a food-conditioned black bear in Grand Teton.

It’s suspected that food-conditioning caused the unusually bold behavior of a black bear near Golden, Colorado. That bear scratched a woman who was hiking and then 

, despite the woman continually shouting and throwing rocks and sticks at the bear.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"‘Just A Matter Of Time’"}]

Wildlife photographer Marcela Herdova is an avid fan of Miracle and has been watching her with apprehension for the past few weeks.

Herdova told Cowboy State Daily she’s seen Miracle getting close to garbage cans and other possible temptations.

The Colter Bay area has been packed with tourists, increasing the odds that something could go wrong with the bear, she added.

“I think it was just a matter of time before somebody did something, like, not properly throwing away their trash, or even directly giving her something. So, I think this (the relocation) is the best move for her,” Herdova said.

“Right now, she’s still a little bear, but she’s still growing,” Herdova added. "She won’t be such a small bear for long, and that could cause some issues.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"Troubled History"}]

Miracle is thought to have beaten some steep odds to have survived this long.

She’s thought to be one of three yearling cubs with Grizzly 1063 in May 2025, and those bears were hanging around Colter Bay.

Bear enthusiasts claimed the Park Service trying to haze Grizzly 1063 and her cubs away from Colter Bay caused them to temporarily split up, leaving the cubs vulnerable to the male’s attack.

Park officials stated there was no evidence the hazing contributed to the attack.

The third cub, thought to be Miracle, briefly reunited with Grizzly 1063 but later apparently split from its mother again.

Miracle was captured and relocated in July 2025.

Bear watchers wondered if the cub could make it on its own at such a young age because grizzlies don’t typically separate from their mothers until age 2.

Miracle’s fans were thrilled when she 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"‘The First Grizzly They Got To See’"}]

With Miracle apparently having worn out her welcome at Colter Bay, it’s bittersweet to see her relocated, Herdova said.

“I do think that they (the Park Service) have expended so much effort to keep Miracle safe, and I appreciate that,” she said.

Herdova added she’s seen numerous instances of wildlife getting into trouble, because of human interference.

That included watching a black bear digging into an overflowing garbage can, which has since been removed, she said.

And she’s watched a fox “posturing” right next to people, apparently trying to get food from them.

Miracle has been the most highly visible bear this spring and early summer, Herdova said.

Grizzly 1063 has made some appearances with three new cubs, “but she has changed her behavior” and hasn’t been as visible as usual, she said.

Grand Teton’s most famous living bear, Grizzly 610, also “hasn’t been as visible” this year, Herdova said.

With Miracle gone, there might not be as many bear-watching opportunities for visitors, she added.

“It’s sad that people aren’t going to see her because, for many people, she was the first grizzly that they ever got to see,” Herdova said.

Miracle bear running 6 26 26

<title>Miracle, Popular Grand Teton Grizzly, Relocated After Getting Too Close To People | Cowboy State Daily</title>

After repeatedly getting too close to people and food sources, a popular young grizzly nicknamed Miracle was captured and relocated by wildlife agents in Grand Teton National Park on Thursday. "It was just a matter of time," said one wildlife photographer.

Miracle, Popular Grand Teton Grizzly, Relocated After Getting Too Close To People

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily political columnist, Rod Miller.

Rod Miller

Opinion

CSD Columnists

They shouldered their way into Wyoming politics a few years ago, proclaiming a gnarly populist gospel of “grassroots” change as preached by a national organization from back East. They gained control of the Wyoming House while we weren’t paying attention. 

The Wyoming Freedom Caucus’ two years in power have exposed their fumbling ineptitude, their disconnect with the values of Wyoming citizens, and their continuing lust for power. Their performance has doomed their movement and, after 8/18/26, they will be nothing more than a minor footnote to Wyoming’s political history.

When its members gained a majority in the Wyoming House in 2024, the Freedom Caucus took control of the legislative committees that map out the future of our state. They introduced a legislative agenda intended to transform the Cowboy State into the Biggest Booger Farm in the World.

Had they succeeded, the “Welcome to Wyoming” signs that greet visitors at our borders would have been replaced with rusted cars on cinder blocks and bathtubs full of empty beer cans.

The Freedom Caucus frittered away the first season of interim committee work crafting legislation addressing the pressing problems of UFOs and chemtrails (henceforth, they shall be known as the Chemtrail Caucus) and boneheaded ideas to sell our state land for a dollar an acre to latter day homesteaders.

They had a plan to “Nickel and Dime” our small, remote communities into subservience to central control in Cheyenne. Rep. John Bear, a Chemtrail Caucus poster boy, even said that he wouldn’t be heartbroken if small towns in the Big Empty simply dried up and blew away.

From banning books to keeping women barefoot and pregnant in the kitchen, the Chemtrail Caucus’ vision for us resembled nothing so much as the Sharia Law of the West. They even tried to cut $40 million from the University of Wyoming, home of the Cowboys, simply because they didn’t appreciate the rigorous intellectual inquiry that occurs at a major institution of higher learning.

[{"type":"text","text":"But wait, there’s more! "}]

The Chemtrail Caucus even managed to have campaign checks hand delivered to themselves on the floor of the Wyoming house by Rebecca Bextel on behalf of a rich donor from Teton County in the “Checkgate" scandal. There is an ongoing criminal investigation into that hilarious debacle. 

[{"type":"text","text":"How’s that for Wyoming Values?"}]

When their legislative agenda was thwarted by the Wyoming Senate or the courts, the Chemtrail Caucus whined like a gutshot goose, and called their opponents RINOs or “leftist activist judges," and now they are trying to take control of both. They go so far as to say that the Wyoming Supreme Court should be reduced to three black robes instead of five, presumably so the court can be more easily manipulated.

The current gang-warfare style of our politics, whereby we are told to think of ourselves less as Republican and Democrat neighbors and more as the Crips and Bloods fighting over turf, is about the only tangible Chemtrail Caucus gift to Wyoming. And, if I am reading the political tea leaves correctly, I think the good people of Wyoming are getting sick and tired of Chemtrail Caucus bullshit.

Good, solid Wyoming citizens are rising up to run against Caucus incumbents this election season. 

The real grassroots of Wyoming seem to be pushing back against the herbicide that the Chemtrail Caucus is spraying on us. Folks are seeing through the smokescreen

The Chemtrail Caucus Ministry of Propaganda, that handful of shrill media outlets, isn’t matching its noise level with numbers. The flagship of this media “empire”, funded largely by Rebecca Bextel of “Checkgate” infamy, boasts of a whopping 250 subscribers. Cowboy State Daily, which you are reading now, has over 110,000 subscribers. 

The right wing "media" in Wyoming defines “echo chamber.” They represent a paper-thin slice of our state - the same angry voices, bouncing the same goofball rhetoric off the same narrow little walls. Nobody is paying them much attention.

In the competition for Wyoming’s eyes and ears, the Caucus is sucking hind tit.

For these and many other reasons, I think this will be a tough year for the Chemtrail Caucus. I’m comfortable enough in my analysis to have serious money out on the street, betting on the outcome of the next election. And I’m always willing to make more wagers with new suckers. 

So vote your conscience on 8/18/26, and peel an eye for my column on 8/21/26, where I’ll either eat crow or gloat in front of 110,000 people.

Rod Miller can be reached at: RodsMillerWyo@yahoo.com

Rod miller headshot scaled

<title>Rod Miller:  A Bleak Future for the Chemtrail Caucus | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Columnist Rod Miller writes, "The Wyoming Freedom Caucus’ two years in power have exposed their fumbling ineptitude, their disconnect with the values of Wyoming citizens, and their continuing lust for power. Their performance has doomed their movement."

Rod Miller:  A Bleak Future for the Chemtrail Caucus

Kerry Drake

Crime & Courts

Laramie County Sheriff Brian Kozak says stopping human sex trafficking is a new agency priority because for too long Cheyenne has been a “safe haven” for this form of modern slavery.

An undercover operation in Cheyenne led by two detectives resulted in two arrests for soliciting acts of prostitution last weekend. Kozak said the effort is the first in many years for his office, but he promised there will be more.

“People come to Cheyenne to make those (prostitution) arrangements because everyone knew there was no enforcement,” Kozak told Cowboy State Daily.

“But it’s a hard thing to recover women in the trade. Because there’s so much pressure on them, whether it’s drug addiction or physical abuse. Actually the situation that they’re in, sometimes it’s better than their real home life.”

Kozak said that 10 years ago, when he was Cheyenne police chief, his department began undercover operations to arrest human traffickers when he noticed the online activity was extremely high in Cheyenne.

“I went to my sergeant who ran the undercover unit and told him I wanted them to all go to human trafficking training because I think we have a problem in Cheyenne,” the sheriff said.

Kozak said the sergeant didn’t believe him until he did some research and looked at Craigslist and some other sites. 

“He said, ‘Oh my God, we do have a major spike here',” he recalled. “We started to make some great cases against traffickers, or what the industry might call a pimp.” 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"A Costly Operation"}]

It takes lots of time and money for law enforcement to try to stop human sex trafficking, which is rarely prosecuted in Wyoming. Often the crimes are charged as sexual assault or child abuse.

In addition to overtime, the department had to buy cameras for undercover operations, have “buy money” available for stings, and create ads online. 

“Then the investigations themselves can take us out of state as well,” Kozak said. 

Successful results are difficult to gauge.

Kozak said his office was successful in helping some women leave the sex trade, but it didn’t happen until after investigations were completed and the women came to them.

“We have the resources to help them, we have housing, and that’s the goal for these operations,” he said. 

He said the police stings ended when he left the Cheyenne Police Department because the next administration didn’t make human trafficking a priority. 

“As sheriff, I’m bringing it back again,” Kozak said.

He said trafficking spikes during Cheyenne Frontier Days, which typically brings about 200,000 visitors for the 10-day event.

“During this first (sheriff’s) operation we focused on demand reduction, or what you would call ‘johns', because it’s easier than recovering men in the sex trade,” Kozak noted. “The detectives learned a lot and will change some things when they do that type of operation.”   

But the focus will shift soon to trying to find women and young girls in the sex trade as well, Kozak said, by using "reverse stings.” Undercover officers will pose as men wanting to pay for sex acts.

“We’ve trained every single person in the sheriff’s office; all 240 including the civilian staff, have all been trained in human sex trafficking,” Kozak said. “I wanted them to know that was our goal, to reduce the problem here.” 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"All Personnel Trained"}]

Instead of sending a few detectives to training sessions, Kozak said experts came to Cheyenne. One such session was Tuesday, where assessments were made about what went right and wrong during the first sting.

“What we’re planning to do is take the money we’ve received from Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) and roll it back to pay for the human-trafficking enforcement,” he said.

The sheriff’s office under Kozak’s command signed controversial agreements with ICE last year to deputize local law-enforcement agencies to perform duties otherwise conducted by federal immigration agents. That included arresting and holding people in the county jail until they’re moved to a federal detention center.

In the future, undocumented immigrants arrested through agreements with ICE might be in jail in Cheyenne with sex traffickers who were captured by local law enforcement using funds from the federal agency.

The American Civil Liberties Union of Wyoming sued the Laramie County Sheriff’s Office in May, contending the agency didn’t follow Wyoming law when it signed the agreements.

The first two men the sheriff’s office arrested for alleged solicitation of an act of prostitution were David Drehbol and Christopher Miller, both of Cheyenne. The sheriff’s office identified Drehbol as a registered sex offender who was convicted in 2007 for unlawful sexual contact in Colorado.

The National Human Trafficking Hotline (NHTH) tracks sex cases in every state. The NHTH works closely with service providers, law enforcement, and other professionals in Wyoming to serve victims and survivors of trafficking, respond to trafficking cases, and share information and resources. 

Since the organization’s inception in 2007, it has 

identified 148 cases of human trafficking

Sex trafficking activity is difficult to track and prosecute. But Terri Markham, executive director of Uprising, a statewide anti-human trafficking group based in Sheridan, estimated Wyoming likely generates $12 million a year from pimp-controlled sex trafficking alone. 

Cara Chambers,Wyoming Division of Victim Services director, told the 

 that Wyoming is susceptible to this type of organized crime. She said Wyoming’s rural population and vast land mass result in many places where traffickers can set up operations undetected.

A large interweb of interstate highways also connects people to some of the biggest hubs in the West. 

“There’s a bit of a circuit that these traffickers will take their victims through to Las Vegas and up in California, and it goes through Wyoming,” Chambers said.

The Department of Homeland Security defines human trafficking as the use of force, fraud or coercion to obtain some type of labor or commercial sex act.

If you or someone you know is experiencing human trafficking, contact the national human trafficking hotline at 1-888-373-7888 or your local law enforcement office.

Kerry Drake can be reached at: Kerry@CowboyStateDaily.com

Kozak sex trafficking 6 25 26

<title>Sheriff Says Laramie County Will Stop Being ‘Safe Haven’ For Human Trafficking | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A sex solicitation sting in Cheyenne led to the arrest of two men last weekend. Laramie County Sheriff Brian Kozak says it’s the beginning of a new effort to stop human trafficking that has been ignored for too long by law enforcement.

Sheriff Says Laramie County Will Stop Being ‘Safe Haven’ For Human Trafficking

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Next week Idaho will adopt the firing squad as its primary execution method due to availability and failure problems with lethal injection. 

A lawmaker tried to give Wyoming a firing squad option while the state still had a convicted rapist and murderer on death row in 2014, but the bill didn’t clear the Legislature. 

Wyoming law calls for executions by lethal injection. If lethal injection is found unconstitutional, the state can use a gas chamber.

Dale Wayne Eaton, the “Li’l Miss” killer, was convicted in 2004 for kidnapping, raping and murdering Lisa Marie Kimmell 16 years earlier in Wyoming. The jury called for the death penalty.

But in 2014, while Eaton’s appeal was ongoing, many states were running short of the chemicals to perform lethal injections.  

“So we may have had a problem coming up with the drugs needed for the execution,” 

Burns, a Republican of Sheridan, told Cowboy State Daily in a Thursday phone interview.

It would be expensive to build a gas chamber, Burns reasoned, adding, “I always thought gas chamber the most gruesome form of execution anyway.”

Idaho is spending $1.2 million to retrofit an execution chamber for its new firing squad method, the 

[{"type":"text","text":"It doesn’t have to be that expensive, Burns countered."}]

“I don’t know that you’d necessarily need to build a room,” he said. “Even if you did, it could just be cinderblocks.”

[{"type":"text","text":"The Eaton case fizzled in the years that followed."}]

A federal district court judge overturned his death sentence in 2014 because defense lawyers hadn’t pursued a mental-health defense despite Eaton’s mental-health problems.

Prosecutors said they intended to seek the death penalty again on the re-trial, and the trial court ordered a mental evaluation. Then in his mid-70s, Eaton had suffered strokes, dementia and depression, and the trial court found him incompetent to stand trial.

Prosecutors withdrew the death penalty case in 2021 and he was re-sentenced to life in prison the next year.

[{"type":"text","text":"Now 81, Eaton remains in Wyoming's prison system.  "}]

Burns’ 2014 bill made national headlines and surfaced on late-night commentator Stephen Colbert’s show.

Idaho is switching from lethal injections to firing squad executions on July 1. Wyoming almost added firing squad executions as an alternate method in 2014 because lethal injection drugs were scarce and 'Lil Miss' killer Dale Wayne Eaton was still on death row.

Another Reason To Be Grateful To Live In Wyoming: Reason #2

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