James A. Crutchfield
James A. Crutchfield is the author of fifty books, including volumes on various aspects of American history, biography, and general interest subjects. He conceived and was lead editor of the two-volume encyclopedia The Settlement of America: Encyclopedia of Westward Expansion from Jamestown to the Closing of the Frontier. He is the 2011 recipient of the Western Writers of America (WWA) Owen Wister Award for Lifetime Achievement in Western Literature and is in the Western Writers Hall of Fame. Over the years he has also received a Spur Award, three Stirrup Awards, and the Branding Iron Award from WWA, as well as two commendation awards from the American Association for State and Local History. He is a Tennessee native where he lives in Franklin
Latest from James A. Crutchfield
The American West: Women on the Santa Fe Trail
The Santa Fe Trail was the oldest of several overland highways that linked the easternmost section of the Trans-Mississippi West with the Pacific coast. It was a long, tortuous, dangerous journey, but in the end, these hardy women persevered to bring American culture and lifestyles to the remote villages and towns of New Mexico.
James A. CrutchfieldNovember 02, 2024
The American West: Cumberland Gap - Gateway to the West
Daniel Boone, with 30 axmen to assist him, blazed a trail through Cumberland Gap – the Gateway to the West. His route became known as the Wilderness Road and opened the nation to westward expansion.
James A. CrutchfieldOctober 30, 2024
The American West: The Bloody Adventures of Harry Tracy
In 1896, Harry Tracy - who was wanted for murder in Utah - joined Butch Cassidy’s notorious “Wild Bunch’’ at their hideout in Wyoming. Although his life of crime was short-lived, its brevity was punctuated by dishonesty, murder, and terror.
James A. CrutchfieldOctober 19, 2024
The American West: A Remarkable Shot at Adobe Walls
Two legends were born when Billy Dixon grabbed his friend's .50-caliber Sharps rifle and picked off an Indian nearly a mile away at the Second Battle of Adobe Walls. First, his marksmanship. Second, the accuracy and killing power of the Sharps rifle.
James A. CrutchfieldOctober 13, 2024
The American West: Meriwether Lewis’s Last Journey
When Meriwether Lewis left St. Louis in late summer, 1809, on a trip to the nation’s capital, Tennessee was the furthest thing from his mind. But Lewis never arrived in Washington, and his violent death on the Natchez Trace remains a mystery to this day.
James A. CrutchfieldOctober 06, 2024
The American West: The Great Yacolt Fire
The fires of 1902 caused an estimated $13 million [nearly one-half billion dollars in today’s economy] worth of property damage alone, not counting the loss of human and animal life and the billions of board-feet of prime timber.
James A. CrutchfieldSeptember 28, 2024
The American West: The Art of David Wright
There are big goings-on these days at the Museum of the Mountain Man in Pinedale. It all started this past May when the museum presented one of the largest collections of original contemporary art of the mountain men. It is titled “One with the Land: The Mountain Man’s Journey into the Unknown” and includes 72 pieces of artwork from 38 individuals, including David Wright.
James A. CrutchfieldSeptember 22, 2024
The American West: George Catlin Helped Inspire Exploration With His Indian Art
Early America’s obsession with the West was inspired in part by early 1830s artists like George Catlin. His paintings and drawings of American Indians, including his famous tour of the Pipestone Quarry, sparked a young nation’s imagination.
James A. CrutchfieldSeptember 14, 2024
The American West: The Great Santee Sioux Uprising of 1862
By the summer of 1862, residents of the Santee Sioux villages situated along the middle Minnesota River, a tributary of the Mississippi, were weary of the constant influx of German settlers in the area and frustrated from seeing their government annuity payments stolen by unscrupulous traders.
James A. CrutchfieldSeptember 08, 2024
The American West: The Battles Of Tohotonimme, Four Lakes And Spokane Plains
The U.S. Army's Indian battles in Washington Territory in 1858 set the stage for more settlers. First was a demoralizing loss for Lt. Col. Williams Steptoe in the Battle of Tohotonimme. The Army retaliated at the Battles of Four Lakes and Spokane Plains.
James A. CrutchfieldAugust 31, 2024
The American West: The Saga of Sarah Ann Horn
For nearly five centuries, these thrilling, yet oftentimes horrific, narratives of confrontations between primarily settlers -- many of them women and children -- and the native tribes of North America have provided exciting literary fodder for generations of readers.
James A. CrutchfieldAugust 26, 2024
The American West: The Legend of Baby Doe
In March 1935, an emaciated corpse was found frozen to the rough-planked floor of a tool shack at the Matchless Mine in Leadville, Colorado. The winter’s intense cold had preserved her body so that even her facial features could still be discerned.
James A. CrutchfieldAugust 18, 2024
The American West: The Army of the West
The life of the Army of the West was brief. From its establishment in June, 1846, until its demise after the American victory at Los Angeles in January, 1847, its members had traveled hundreds of miles against grueling, sometimes almost impossible, odds.
James A. CrutchfieldAugust 11, 2024
The American West: The Death of Buffalo Bill
When the doctor announced that Buffalo Bill Cody had no more than thirty-six hours to live, the old performer called his brother-in-law to his bedside to play cards.
James A. CrutchfieldAugust 03, 2024
The American West: Bicycles and Buffalo Soldiers
To folks not familiar with the village of Missoula, Montana, or of the United States army post aptly named Fort Missoula located about four miles southwest of town, the sight which presented itself during the early morning of June 14, 1897, might have seemed strange indeed.
James A. CrutchfieldJuly 27, 2024
The American West: Smokey Bear, America’s Most Iconic Forest Ranger
How a scared little 5-pound bear cub who survived a devastating wildfire in 1950 became a national icon. Smokey Bear remains America’s most iconic and recognizable forest ranger.
James A. CrutchfieldJuly 21, 2024
The American West: The Battle of Granby -- 2004
Marvin Heemeyer climbed into his improvised tank-bulldozer, cranked up the engine, and proceeded to drive through the wall of his rented building onto the parking lot of business neighbor Cody Docheff’s newly constructed concrete plant.
James A. CrutchfieldJuly 14, 2024
The American West: Transcontinental Railroad Challenge No. 1 — Where To Put It
Before the first transcontinental railroad could open the untamed West to the rest of the nation, a crucial decision had to be made — where to put it.
James A. CrutchfieldJuly 06, 2024
The American West: Fetterman’s Massacre Was High Drama On The High Plains
The bloody and ill-advised skirmish with Indian warriors at Fort Phil Kearny in 1866 that became known as Fetterman's Massacre didn’t have to happen. Capt. William J. Fetterman disregarded orders and got his troops wiped out.
James A. CrutchfieldJune 23, 2024
American West: The Rendezvous Was — And Still Is — One Hell Of A Party
In 1825, Gen. William Ashley introduced a system known as the rendezvous, a methodology that revolutionized, but also simplified, the entire concept of trading with the American Indians. A total of 15 annual rendezvous were held between 1825 and 1840 and 11 of them were in Wyoming.
James A. CrutchfieldJune 15, 2024