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Mark Heinz

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Government & Politics

Native American Tribes

A “Yellowstone” series TV actor posted a clip Tuesday of a Christian pastor preaching on the Wind River Indian Reservation and discouraging some of the Arapaho tribal religious ceremonies, saying “Jesus is everything...A pipe cannot hear your prayers.”

, garnering 31,000 views as of Wednesday afternoon and provoking outrage, particularly around the reservation.

Christian Wassana, an enrolled Cheyenne Arapaho of Oklahoma who played Martin Kills Many on “Yellowstone," described Foundations for Nations pastor Sarah Lucas’ message as, “A pastor speaking at a church on the Rez in Wyoming condemning Sundance, one of our oldest and most sacred ceremonies.”

Wassana said, “it feels like history repeating itself, with attempts to erase and discredit our traditional way of life.”

He said everyone has the right to practice his or her own faith, “but claiming that one path is the only path while belittling and condemning ours is deeply disheartening.”

In the Northern Arapaho tribe, the flat pipe is associated with the Creator, and some sun dance rituals center on the pipe and treat it as a sacred object.

[{"type":"text","text":"‘We Know That Jesus Is Enough’"}]

The full sermon was unavailable at least as of Wednesday. The one-minute, 38-second clip depicts Lucas paraphrasing from the Bible: “tear down the altars, tear down the idols.”

She spoke of “this nation” gathering in recent days, praying. The tribal members had just conducted their sun dance ceremony. 

Lucas’ church sits on private, not tribal, land within the reservation, on the east side near Riverton. Two tribes share that reservation: the Northern Arapaho and Eastern Shoshone.

“They prayed to pipes and they prayed to the ancestors, believing this is the way for their freedom. To get free from addiction, for people to be healed… This is what this culture did this week,” said Lucas.

[{"type":"text","text":"She urged the congregation to pray."}]

“Because we know that Jesus is enough. He’s enough. It’s not Jesus-plus. It’s Jesus everything. He’s everything,” said Lucas.

She referenced people she described as tribal members who have become Christians.

“And they understand the price… when they say that publicly. The persecution that can come with them publicly,” Lucas said. “But they know that this is it. Jesus is the chain breaker. He’s the only one that we should be praying to. A pipe cannot hear your prayers.”

[{"type":"text","text":"‘This Is Religious Warfare’"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"The backlash is immense."}]

Tribal members gathered Tuesday to protest in front of Riverton’s City Hall.

[{"type":"text","text":"Chris Friday, a protest leader, took to Facebook to call it a victory."}]

“SARAH LUAS (sic) openly spoke down on OUR sacred Grandpa pipe,” Friday wrote in a lengthy post featuring photographs from the protest. “She don’t know what we as Arapaho have been through, and still go through…. She should educate herself on tribal spirituality before talking on shit she doesn’t know. Because this is religious warfare.”

Friday said the protestors wanted an apology. He called Foundations for Nations leaders “not good people” and told Arapaho tribal members to boycott the church.

“Don’t go to their food bank. Don’t go to their events. Don’t let your children go,” he wrote. “We want them out of Arapaho land forever. They no longer are welcome here.”

Friday told Cowboy State Daily in a later interview that the "Grandpa pipe is our spiritual leader” and “our connection with the Creator.” 

Friday added, "They can leave, you know. They’re not welcome here anymore."

[{"type":"text","text":"Absolute Truth"}]

Desiree Henderson, a woman who described herself as a four-year member of the church’s ministry, posted a nearly 17-minute video in the church’s defense.

She said she’d never serve under a ministry that manipulates people or manipulates the gospel.

“But what most people don’t get to see when they’re not part of the inner workings of a ministry is the unbelievable sacrifices that are made. The unbelievable generosity and giving of their own time and resources that people give,” said Henderson. 

She said she knows the character of Sarah Lucas and her husband Jason, “and their heart to give” as well as the criticism and gossip they endure.

Henderson said she understands “the upset” and would align with it if she “didn’t know the Lord.”

[{"type":"text","text":"“But I do know the Lord,” said Henderson."}]

She described a dichotomy between the philosophy “of the world,” that truth is relative, and the belief that absolute truth exists.

“In the natural world, gravity is an absolute truth,” she said. “And if you defy gravity, you’re going to experience the consequences of it.”

Henderson said there are absolute, spiritual truths that exist “whether you believe it or not,” and that the Bible is the metric for finding that truth. She also encouraged people to question and study the Christian faith rather than adopt it blindly.

Numerous Facebook users posted negative comments 

[{"type":"text","text":"Didn’t Hide The Ball"}]

Foundations for Nations was overt about its beliefs and goals before the Sundance message went viral.

 a multi-cultural, multi-generational church seeking for people to “have a relationship with God, be ignited to reach people with the good news about Jesus, and work together to impact communities.”

Its statement of belief says that Jesus is “the only way to heaven and the only name that can be called upon to gain eternal life.”

The church incorporated in Wyoming and settled on the reservation in 2017.

[{"type":"text","text":"Lucas declined to comment Wednesday to Cowboy State Daily."}]

In a 2018 interview for a news feature, Lucas told local news outlet The Ranger that she and her family were building a massive play and recreation in the area of Arapahoe (town, not tribe). She said they would gear their ministry toward children who were having hardships at home.

“We inspire hope and change; we tell them their worth and their value” and teach them Biblical principles along the way, said Lucas at the time.

That summer the Lucases and visiting volunteers hosted a six-week summer program to offer kids what Lucas described as both fun and guidance.

Before launching the church, the Lucases planned it for six years. She said the goal was to help “families that are so broken that they don’t have any hope,” and to “share Jesus with them.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Figured It Would Blow Up"}]

Wassana told Cowboy State Daily in a Wednesday interview that he figured his post would blow up. He said he’s part Arapaho and though he descends from the southern, rather than the northern band based in Wyoming, he has family members in the north and considers the bands “one tribe.”

Wassana referenced tribal members’ darker history with past, Christian-affiliated missions, such as the boarding schools that forbade the children from speaking their native languages.

He said Lucas’ message equated to a tribal member walking into a Christian church and maligning the cross.

Lucas had, however, preached her message in a private Christian church, on private land. People attend the church voluntarily. 

Wassana acknowledged the distinction, but said the affront stems from the church opening its doors to children, in particular.

“Whenever you have somebody who’s a trusted adult, religious leader in the community saying these things, going against our ceremonies, saying they’re wrong, it can create a lot of confusion fear and shame for our children,” said Wassana. “We don’t want our young people growing up feeling like they have to choose between being accepted or embracing who they are because a leader they see is teaching those kinds of things.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Boarding Schools"}]

Indian boarding schools proliferated in the nation a century ago, many run by religious groups and funded with federal money.

Historical accounts tell of tribal leaders who wanted their kids to gain an education, a federal government that wanted to assimilate the kids and religious leaders who wanted to convert them.

Northern Arapaho sub-chief Sharp Nose sent his son, Little Chief, to the Carlisle boarding school in Pennsylvania in the late 1800s, hoping the boy could learn skills from the white man for surviving in the new culture.

Little Chief died in the school’s infirmary in 1883 and was buried on school grounds – a common occurrence for tribal children.

Jesuits came to the Wind River Indian Reservation and built St. Stephen’s Indian School in 1884.

Henderson countered claims and fears of modern-day assimilation in her video. She spoke with admiration of an East Indian (not American Indian) convert named Sundar Singh, who embraced the culture, clothing, and customs of India while preaching about Jesus, even dressing as a Hindu spiritual leader. 

[{"type":"text","text":"The Christian and Arapaho faith traditions differ from one another."}]

John G. Carter, researcher for the Smithsonian Institution, penned a Nov. 23, 1936, letter to M.W. Stirling, Chief of the Bureau of American Ethnology, describing “the first eye witness description of the Flat Pipe by a white man, and the first eye witness account of a ceremony held in honor of this Pipe.”

In the Arapaho creation story, wrote Carter in the treatise that followed, a global flood covered the earth, and a man walked on the water clutching a pipe. He fasted and wept. He sent animals into the water to bring land from the sea bottom to make the earth, and the turtle succeeded in that task, the account says.

“And with this the man, or the grandfather makes the land” and eventually the Arapaho people, wrote Carter.

“The myth implies that either the world was made at the Flat Pipe’s request, or because of the Flat Pipe, and in order to provide a place on which the Flat Pipe could rest,” Carter added. He said the Arapaho view the flat pipe as an “exceedingly holy object” held in the highest possible veneration and respect.

[{"type":"text","text":"The Christian tradition also involves a global flood. "}]

But first, Genesis tells that in the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth – and ultimately a man and a woman.

The man and woman sinned by disobeying God, but God promised to send a savior. Thousands of years later, the savior came as Jesus, who is God incarnate and who, as the son counterpart to God the Father, was also involved in creation, according to the biblical book of John.

And Jesus allowed the bloodthirsty and jealous authority figures of his day to torture him to death. He then rose from the dead, redeeming those who believe in him with his own sacrifice, and he urged his followers to tell others about him, the New Testament says. 

Preacher and reservation 2 7 8 26

Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Arapaho Members Furious At Christian Preacher Who Spoke Against Rituals | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Several Northern Arapaho Tribe members are outraged at a Christian pastor who spoke against their religious customs and encouraged worship of Jesus instead. One Arapaho member told Cowboy State Daily that the church is "not welcome here anymore."

Arapaho Members Furious At Christian Preacher Who Spoke Against Rituals

Public Safety

The Jane Doe found dead on Interstate 25 near Cheyenne in April has been identified as Brittany Smith, a 37-year-old Wyoming woman.

Smith was struck by a northbound Kia Sportage on the on-ramp from Missile Drive on April 20, according to Aaron Brown, senior public relations specialist with the Wyoming Highway Patrol. Her home town was unavailable at publication time.

Smith had been a pedestrian standing in the roadway, Brown said in an email. She succumbed to her injuries at the scene despite life-saving efforts by troopers.  

No charges or citations are pending, Brown said.

two unidentified people who two amateur genealogists in Cheyenne

 were attempting to track down by their distinctive tattoos.

Megan McWilliams and Ashley Kroner, Cheyenne sisters who run Genetics Uncovered, identified Smith and a second man— found deceased in Cheyenne in early June — through the National Missing and Unidentified Persons System (NamUs) database, the country’s only national clearinghouse for missing and unidentified persons.

Neither file contained much information, but both Does had distinct tattoos. The sisters posted them on their Facebook page, hoping someone would recognize them. 

Kroner said Smith’s mother saw the poster on their page and the appropriate contact information. Her mother commented on the post and then messaged the sisters, thanking them for their help.

This is just part of their efforts to help give the unidentified back their name.

"Too many souls are known only as 'Does' in this world, and we’re deeply grateful that she is no longer one of them — that she has found her way home,” Kroner said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Still Trying To ID John Doe"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"The John Doe soon will be next."}]

Family members who saw the John Doe’s tattoos contacted McWilliams and Kroner, and that case is now moving toward identification as well.

Laramie County Coroner Rebecca Reid, who is overseeing both investigations, told Cowboy State Daily that her office has 180 days to complete them.

The unidentified male was found unresponsive in the 800 block of South Greeley Highway in Cheyenne on June 6.

He wasn slumped in a kneeling position alongside a commercial building with no cellphone or any other identification, according to Chance Walkama with the Laramie County Sheriff’s Office. He said the office was waiting for the coroner’s report with cause and manner of death from Reid’s office.

Walkama said in an earlier interview that foul play is not currently suspected.

Laramie County Sheriff spokesperson Brandon Warner did not respond to a request for an update on the John Doe investigation.

Missile drive 7 8 26

<title>Jane Doe Found Dead On I-25 On-Ramp In April ID'd As Wyoming Woman | Cowboy State Daily</title>

The Jane Doe found dead on Interstate 25 near Cheyenne in April has been identified as Brittany Smith, a 37-year-old Wyoming woman. Smith was struck by a northbound Kia Sportage on the on-ramp from Missile Drive on April 20.

Jane Doe Found Dead On I-25 On-Ramp In April ID'd As Wyoming Woman

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Around Wyoming

The Wyoming Department of Health has confirmed three cases in 2026 of cyclosporiasis, or “explosive diarrhea”, according to Surveillance Epidemiologist Matt Peterson.

The illness is caused by the microscopic parasite 

, which commonly triggers profuse watery diarrhea, severe cramping, bloating, nausea, fatigue, loss of appetite, and weight loss.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

 says symptoms typically begin two days to two weeks after a person consumes contaminated food or water, making it difficult for many patients to remember exactly what they ate before becoming sick.

Two Wyoming patients likely contracted the parasite while traveling to countries where Cyclospora is endemic, Peterson told Cowboy State Daily.

[{"type":"text","text":"The third patient, however, had no history of international travel."}]

The department did not identify the locations of the affected individuals.

The CDC is investigating a growing number of Cyclospora infections across the United States while working with state health departments and the U.S. Food and Drug Administration to identify the contaminated food responsible.

"At this time, we do not know if that case is related to any existing cluster or outbreak, but we are continuing to investigate the possibility," Peterson said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Weeks In The Bathroom"}]

Peterson said anyone experiencing prolonged watery diarrhea, especially if symptoms disappear and later return, should contact a physician and ask about testing.

Without treatment, cyclosporiasis can linger for weeks or even months, sometimes improving just enough to make people think they're recovering before roaring back with another round of illness.

Unlike viruses such as norovirus, Cyclospora generally does not spread directly from one sick person to another.

The CDC notes the parasite isn't infectious when it leaves a person's body. Instead, it must spend days to weeks maturing in the environment before it can infect someone else, making person-to-person transmission extremely uncommon.

Diagnosing the illness can also be challenging. Routine stool tests don't always detect Cyclospora, and physicians often must order specialized testing if they suspect the parasite.

[{"type":"text","text":"Nearly all U.S. infections are linked to contaminated food or water."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What's Causing It?"}]

Health officials still don't know exactly what's fueling this summer's outbreak.

Investigators with the CDC, FDA and state health departments are interviewing patients about everything they ate in the weeks before becoming ill, searching for common ingredients that could reveal the source. Because symptoms might not appear for up to two weeks, tracing the outbreak has proven especially difficult.

Past U.S. outbreaks have been linked to fresh produce, including cilantro, basil, raspberries, lettuce, mesclun greens and snow peas.

 washing produce helps remove dirt and many germs but might not completely remove Cyclospora. The parasite can cling tightly to fresh fruits and vegetables, making cooking the most effective way to eliminate it.

That makes Wyoming vulnerable even though the parasite isn't naturally found here.

"Because Cyclospora is not endemic here, imported fresh produce is always the most likely vehicle," Peterson said.

He said cooking food to an internal temperature of 158 degrees Fahrenheit will kill or inactivate the parasite. Choosing locally grown produce when available might also reduce the risk.

Peterson said Wyoming residents aren't insulated simply because they live far from major farming regions. Grocery stores across the state receive produce through the same national distribution networks that supply much of the country.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Significant Growth"}]

The Wyoming cases come as public health officials investigate what has become one of the country's most significant Cyclospora outbreaks in years.

While the CDC's most recent nationwide surveillance report documented 145 domestically acquired cases across 17 states through mid-June, the outbreak has grown rapidly. Michigan has reported nearly 1,000 illnesses, prompting state officials to describe it as the largest Cyclospora outbreak in the state's history. Ohio has also confirmed hundreds of cases as investigators continue searching for a common source.

Although the CDC has not yet linked every state to a single contaminated product, the scale of illnesses has made this one of the largest Cyclospora outbreaks the United States has experienced in recent years.

While the Wyoming Department of Health is still investigating whether the state's lone non-travel-related case is connected to the broader outbreak, Peterson emphasized that residents shouldn't panic.

Wyoming health-care providers are equipped to diagnose and report cyclosporiasis, and the department will continue working with the CDC to determine whether Wyoming's cases become linked to the national investigation.

If a contaminated food product tied to Wyoming is identified, public health officials say they will notify residents and coordinate guidance with the Wyoming Department of Agriculture.

Until then, health officials recommend washing fresh produce, cooking foods when appropriate, choosing locally grown produce when available and contacting a health-care provider if diarrhea lasts for days, returns after improving or is accompanied by significant weight loss.

Welcome sign and stool 7 8 26

<title>'Explosive Diarrhea' Parasite Reaches Wyoming As Health Officials Seek Source | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming has confirmed three cases of a parasite known for causing explosive weekslong diarrhea, cramping, bloating, nausea, fatigue, weight loss, and more. The likely source is imported fresh produce, Wyoming epidemiologist Matt Peterson says.

'Explosive Diarrhea' Parasite Reaches Wyoming As Health Officials Seek Source

 outside a Gillette bar, Matthew Lynch stood onstage at the American Legion with an electric guitar slung across his shoulder, living a dream he'd chased for most of his life.

Lynch, a 41-year-old carpenter, potter and musician, spent Independence Day doing what he loved most — playing rock and roll with friends before a hometown crowd.

By midnight, he was staring at what remained of his right hand, unable to hear, his vision awash in "red, purple and stars."

"I looked down on my hand, and it was just the most mangled, crazy-looking thing I've ever seen," Lynch told Cowboy State Daily on Tuesday. "I was instantly in shock." 

The explosion outside the Otherside Bar & Grill injured Lynch and four other people after what he described as an old firecracker he carried in his back pocket for years detonated instantly when he lit it rather than giving him time to throw it.

The blast severed most of Lynch's right hand, shattered bones throughout his left hand, peppered his face, neck and chest with shrapnel and burns, and sent him by Life Flight to Billings, Montana. In the days since, Lynch has publicly apologized, saying he feels terrible for the people who were injured alongside him.

Now recovering at home with both arms wrapped in bandages, Lynch said he keeps returning to two thoughts: the people he endangered and the life he's determined to rebuild.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Tourniquet "}]

After finishing the American Legion concert, Lynch said he spent the evening downtown with friends before hearing about a benefit concert at Otherside.

By the time he arrived, the music was over. People stood outside talking, catching up and deciding where the night would go next.

"I had found this old firecracker I had laying around for a few years and I had it in my back pocket," he said. "I thought, 'Well, I'm just gonna be a little adventurous here, light this off', and then it just blew up right in my face. The fuse was just instant." 

[{"type":"text","text":"The blast left him deafened, nearly blinded and in shock."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"He remembers seeing nothing but flashes of color."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Then he looked down."}]

"I kept thinking this is never going to go away," he said. "I made a mistake I could never undo." 

His friend AJ immediately recognized how badly he was bleeding and shouted for a tourniquet.

Someone pulled off a belt and cinched it around Lynch's arm while they waited for first responders.

A woman Lynch had never met knelt beside him, gently held his face in her hands and kept him from looking at his injuries.

"She kept saying, 'You're gonna be fine. You're gonna be fine. Just don't look at it,'" Lynch recalled. "'Just look in my eyes. Everything's gonna be OK'." 

He also praised the doctors, nurses and staff at Campbell County Memorial Hospital, saying they treated him "like family" before he was flown to Billings for emergency surgery. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Artist and Carpenter "}]

Before the explosion, Lynch spent his days building houses, creating pottery, painting and playing guitar.

[{"type":"text","text":"He's a carpenter following in his father's footsteps."}]

He's an artist whose work is featured in a monthlong exhibition at AVA Community Art Center in Gillette — a show he spent more than a year preparing.

Despite his injuries, Lynch plans to attend the opening reception for from 6-8 p.m. Thursday.

For four years, he also hosted an open jam session at Legends Lounge, welcoming musicians of every skill level to climb onstage and play.

"I've always believed in everybody's own success," he said. "Anybody can do anything." 

His mother, Patricia David, said those qualities have defined him since childhood.

"His name means ‘Gift of God', and it was the perfect name for him," she said. "He has been the brightest, most joyful child you could imagine ... always kind." 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Shattered Bones "}]

"The first thing that hit me was I'm not going to be able to pick up my beautiful son and hold him for quite a while," Lynch said. "He's my whole world." 

[{"type":"text","text":"Then came another realization."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"He wouldn't be able to go fly fishing with his brothers."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Then came the one that hurt most."}]

"My lifelong dream and mission my entire life has been to be a professional guitar player," he said. 

One of the final photographs taken before the explosion shows Lynch gripping the neck of his guitar as he performed at the American Legion that afternoon.

[{"type":"text","text":"Today, most of his right hand is gone."}]

His left hand is held together with pins and hardware after surgeons repaired shattered bones.

Lynch's mother, a retired nurse, said the injuries are among the worst she has seen.

She said she was equally moved by the apology Lynch posted publicly after the accident.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Strong Support System "}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Despite everything, Lynch refuses to believe his music is over."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"He said doctors are optimistic that his left hand will recover."}]

"I'm going to get a bionic prosthetic, and I'm going to be playing guitar again someday," he said. "It's going to be awesome." 

[{"type":"text","text":"His optimism has been strengthened by the people around him."}]

His twin brother immediately drove to Billings after hearing what happened.

[{"type":"text","text":"His mother has helped care for him."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Most of all, he credits Kathryn Schwartz, the mother of their son."}]

"I've got to spend so much time with the mother of my child," Lynch said. "We've just been reconnected, and that's awesome."

Before Lynch even returned home from the hospital, Schwartz had cleaned his house, prepared a place for him to recover and, he said, "hasn't left my side."

[{"type":"text","text":"Friends he hadn't spoken to in 20 years have reached out."}]

Matthew Lynch lost most of his right hand in a fireworks explosion on July 4. But the Gillette carpenter, potter and musician is counting his blessings and refusing to give up on his electric-guitar dreams. "It's going to be awesome," Lynch said.

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