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[{"type":"text","text":"We can't be the only ones who thought of Sam Kinnison....."}]

Bonus vid 1 10 27 24

Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Bonus Video 1: Sunday, October 27, 2024 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

We can't be the only ones who thought of Sam Kinnison.....

Bonus Video 1: Sunday, October 27, 2024

 We can't be the only ones who thought of Sam Kinnison.....

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Government & Politics

Legislature

The Joint Appropriations Committee majority tried in January to defund the Wyoming Business Council, an agency that gives grants and loans to businesses and communities.

The state Senate, which ran more fiscally moderate this year than the 

, rejected the effort overwhelmingly in February. But then in March, the Legislature passed a budget that funds the Wyoming Business Council’s operations for one year instead of the traditional two-year budget allocation.

The Joint Appropriations Committee is now delving into a monthslong research project into how it can trim the business council, tether it to legislative oversight and refocus it onto what the supermajority Republican Legislature deems proper uses of government.

The committee spent around five-and-a-half hours on that topic while meeting Monday in Lander.

Its members weighed three proposed bills. They also engaged in a spicy back-and-forth with Wyoming Business Council CEO Josh Dorrell.

[{"type":"text","text":"‘Give Me A Number'"}]

“Mr. Dorrell, what do you anticipate will be your ask for the Wyoming Business Council for the supplemental budget? And 

, how much do you need to succeed?” asked Senate Appropriations Chair Tim Salazar, R-Riverton.

Dorrell said the WBC’s figures are still in flux, and he expected it to give its final budget request submission to Gov. Mark Gordon in August. But becoming “whole,” or receiving the rest of its two-year budget, would be the priority, he added.

As of now, the agency’s budget ends June 30, 2027, unless the Legislature acts to restore its second-year money.

Salazar later voiced dissatisfaction with that answer, pressing Dorrell on it again.

“Give me a number. Tell me where that fits into the supplemental budget,” said Salazar.

“I’m not going to give you a number,” 

 Dorrell. “I don’t mean to be obtuse, but I want to work it through the proper channels first.”

Besides having its funding cut to one year of operations, the WBC is slated for a potential makeover.

Both the Appropriations Committee and the Joint Minerals Business and Economic Development Committee are reviewing the WBC’s programs and underpinning laws.

Dorrell said he’s looking for information on which programs the Legislature wants to cut.

[{"type":"text","text":"He also indicated that lawmakers don’t fully understand the agency yet."}]

“I don’t think it’s appropriate for us to really discuss the exact in-and-out if you don’t understand the things that we do,” said Dorrell, adding that WBC has presented program data to lawmakers in recent months. 

“I’d advocate to at least stay whole, as a minimum, (but also) we should look at investing in our communities, and the state agency that unlocks those,” he said.

[{"type":"text","text":"Humble Ask This Time"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Rep. Ken Pendergraft, R-Sheridan, also parried with Dorrell."}]

“Honestly, I’m not trying to be confrontational, but I’m frustrated,” said Pendergraft. “You were asked what does it cost to be successful — no answer. No answer, no money.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Dorrell reiterated that he’d know the answer in August."}]

Salazar’s line of questioning is an echo of one he launched in December, but which Dorrell then handled very differently. 

At that time during the committee’s budget-planning marathon, Salazar asked how much money WBC needs to fix the economic problems facing the state.

[{"type":"text","text":"Dorrell answered $1.7 billion."}]

“Thank you for giving us the courtesy of the truth,” said Salazar at the time.

Around seven weeks later, the committee advanced two pieces of legislation — both of which later failed — that had sought to defund the agency and strip it from state law.

Ahead of next year’s January lawmaking session, the two committees are working on a plan to refocus the Wyoming Business Council and reevaluate its many programs.

[{"type":"text","text":"Neither committee has adopted any WBC makeover bills yet."}]

But the Joint Appropriations Committee on Monday discussed four in this vein.

[{"type":"text","text":"The Bill About Federal Money"}]

One of the bills would authorize lawmakers to review and appropriate federal funds seeking to pass through the WBC for capital and investment projects.  

[{"type":"text","text":"Dorrell cast that one as peculiar.  "}]

Congress authorizes federal money for governmental investments, the U.S. Treasury allocates those investments and enforces their terms, and the executive branch of Wyoming runs the program.

“And then all of a sudden, somehow the state Legislature is inserting itself into this process,” said Dorrell. “And while I am happy to report, I’m happy to bounce ideas off of, it feels like gumming up the system …  is exactly what this is going to do. It doesn’t help us act at the speed of business. I’m open to understanding why.”

House Appropriations Chair John Bear, R-Gillette, said lawmakers would consider that concern carefully so they don’t create undue burden. 

Of the 11 companies involved in this system, he said he hopes “the preponderance of them” have been traditional energy companies.

Bear referenced allegations Wyoming continues to wage in federal court litigation with other red states that large investors colluded to kill coal and other fossil fuels by banding together in green-energy compacts.

“Even though these are federal funds, they’re still taxpayer funds,” said Bear, who went on to ask about the WBC’s administration of its investment projects.

Dorrell said WBC’s investment committee can meet spontaneously to consider and authorize those projects, and 

 employee to serve as investments analyst.

[{"type":"text","text":"The Bill To Stop Feeding Airports"}]

The Wyoming Business Council’s Business Ready Community program generally involves WBC sending a grant or loan to a community entity, which then works on economic development and business infrastructure projects.

But WBC doesn’t call it that anymore. The agency rebranded the controversial program this year as the Building Resilient Communities program.

The Appropriations Committee is considering a bill that would ban airports from benefitting from the program, as well as recreational and convention facilities, and infrastructure projects of the WBC’s choosing.

That would leave the program free to fund or invest in land, buildings, facilities, telecommunications infrastructure, rights of way, sewer and water projects, roads and landscaping.

The bill also seeks to add a requirement that the WBC can’t grant or loan money for assets that the applicant owns or will own.

A lawsuit between Gunwerks and the Cody-based economic development group that secured funding for it has been 

over the allegedly dismal state of a building Gunwerks doesn’t own, but which the economic development group arranged to be built for the company with WBC money.   

The bill pertaining to the BRC program would also require WBC to send grant and loan plans to two lawmakers — one state House representative and one senator — for review and comment before sending them to the executive branch for final approval.  

The biggest bill the committee considered would eliminate 13 Wyoming Business Council programs, 

Others Dorrell hopes to keep, he indicated to Rep. Jeremy Haroldson, R-Wheatland.

He asked why the Wyoming Partnership Challenge Loan program is on the chopping block. That’s a loan program in which WBC partners with banks to secure loans for businesses.

Dorrell insisted the WBC is not competing with banks, but is helping businesses get loans on components on which banks aren’t authorized to lend, like the more speculative success prospects called “blue sky.”

Disaster loans are “a challenge,” but outside disaster loans, the program is at industry-standard or higher rates of success, Dorrell said.

[{"type":"text","text":"Pendergraft raised an ideological roadblock."}]

“My problem with this is ideological. Essentially, it sounds to me like you’re not in competition with the banks,” said Pendergraft. “But if a business goes to a bank and the bank turns them down — presumably because of risk — why is it justifiable to take public moneys and … risk public funds, which to me should be, probably, more cautiously invested?”

Dorrell said banks have to refuse certain investments due to other reasons besides risk.

Pendergraft countered again, asking why the government should be involved in the fate of businesses that don’t provide essential public services.

[{"type":"text","text":"Sen. Mike Gierau, D-Jackson, rebutted Pendergraft’s logic."}]

On the Select Water Committee, he said, lawmakers are willing to “dole out” significant 

“You want to talk about blue sky?” asked Gierau. “Oh my Lord. And we do it. And we do it because it’s right.”

Haroldson said he’d be happy to put a “question mark” next to this program, and he emphasized that this is only a draft bill set for more contemplation later this year.

[{"type":"text","text":"Here Bear answered Gierau’s rebuke."}]

“As you’re forming that ideology in your mind as to how you’ll approach this, I hope you’ll also not compare water infrastructure to helping mom and pop shops have a successful program,” said Bear. 

Small business success is “quite different from water infrastructure,” he added.

Water infrastructure serves small family farms, which are businesses, said Gierau.

“Water infrastructure,” countered Bear, “would be much similar to the road in front of the small mom and pop shop. ... It’s got a common usage.”

[{"type":"text","text":"The County Infrastructure Bill"}]

One of the bills contemplates a revival of the old budget appropriation called the County Consensus Funding program by which counties, if at least half of the governing boards of the local governments within them agree, could receive construction and infrastructure grants through the State Loans and Investment Board.

The Wyoming County Commissioners’ Association has asked the Legislature to send $75 million per year into that program. The draft bill says “XX” where the appropriation would go.

Three-quarters of the allocations to counties would hinge on population, and one-quarter on how poor their property values are.

Apropriations Business Council IMG 6584 6 22 26

<title>Wyoming Business Council Chief Spars With Committee That Tried To Kill Agency | Cowboy State Daily</title>

The head of the Wyoming Business Council sparred Monday with the Joint Appropriations Committee, which has tried to kill it. "No answer, no money," was the reply CEO Josh Dorrell got when he said he won't know the WBC's budget ask until August.

Wyoming Business Council Chief Spars With Committee That Tried To Kill Agency

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's Feature Reporter, Andrew Rossi.

Andrew Rossi

Outdoors

Public Lands

Almost a week after a semitruck carrying 

 flipped over in Yellowstone National Park and destroyed hundreds of hives, bees are still swarming around the area.

Thousands of bees are still homeless and visibly trying to survive in large groups on “bee trees” along U.S. Highway 191. 

Jim Holstein with Yellowstone Tour Guides has been passing through the area where the accident occurred. He took a photograph of one of the bee trees, where thousands of bees had completely covered a small lodgepole in a vast, buzzing swarm.

“They were still there on Monday,” Holstein told Cowboy State Daily. “It’s in the park between Big Sky and West Yellowstone. All the hives have been cleaned up, but there are quite a few bees left.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Bee Trees"}]

Cheyenne beekeeper Michael Jordan is familiar with bee trees. They’re an indication that a colony of bees is actively house-hunting.

“It’s what's called a swarming mechanism,” he said. “The queen leaves and takes about half or more of the colony and moves to a new safe location.”

Jordan said this is common behavior for honeybees when a hive gets overpopulated. The existing queen will take nurse bees and guard bees to sustain herself in a temporary location while scouts search for a permanent 

“The scouts will search until they find a permanent location,” he said. “In the meantime, you'll have groups and colonies hanging in the trees as they regroup.”

A new permanent home could be a hole in a tree, a cave, or “anywhere that’s out of the water and elements,” said Jordan. 

Bee trees are meant to be staging locations so the scouts can lead the hive to their new home.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Sugar High"}]

When the scout bees find a suitable location for a permanent hive, their next priority is

“Right now, they’re looking for a sugar source,” Jordan said. “Bees need sugar to produce wax from their glands. Once they produce the wax and form it, they'll actively engineer foam in what we call a pendulum manner to make honeycombs.”

Bees instinctively know how to build hives, and their goal is to start propagating as soon as possible after a hive-destroying incident.

Once they find a suitable spot with plenty of sugar in the vicinity, maybe a rock formation or building near a flower-filled meadow, the queen will follow the scouts to the new hive. Instinctively, all the bees on the bee tree will follow her.

Jordan didn't think there would be any bee trees for tourists to see by Wednesday.

“Those clusters will be gone within 24 to 48 hours if they find a good location,” he said. “After that, there’s nothing you can do to recover them, because tracking them is very hard.

The fact that bee trees can still be seen along U.S. Highway 191 six days after the June 16 crash might indicate the bees are having trouble finding an ideal place for a new home. But it definitely means the colonies can be safely recovered.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Get Those Bees, Please"}]

Within 24 hours of the semitruck incident, people were at the scene removing the damaged honey boxes and trying to recover whatever remained of the bee colonies that had been residing in them.

Jordan said the first 48 hours are crucial in a bee recovery situation like that.

“If you can’t get new hives set up in 48 hours, the queens will migrate and leave a pheromone trail that the bees accommodating her in that hive will follow,” he said. “That’s what the bee trees are: thousands of bees accumulating around the queen.”

That means there’s a small window to safely save these bees before they become permanent Yellowstone residents.

Jordan’s strategy would be to place a mobile swarm trap. It’s basically a column of PVC pipes with buckets attached to either end. The height can be adjusted to get as close as possible to the colony clusters.

“If the bees accumulate in the buckets as a temporary hive, you can relocate them to an apiary and manage them there,” he said. “You can even hold a bucket up to the colony and shake them inside. That’s how you can naturally collect and remove a colony.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"No Bears — Yet"}]

Commercial vehicles like semitrucks are banned in Yellowstone, but U.S. Highway 191 is an exception. It hugs the western boundary of the park and is an important 55-mile thoroughfare between West Yellowstone and Big Sky, 

"They've enacted a temporary 35 mph speed limit on the section where the bees are," Holstein said. "People have to keep their windows up, and there's no stopping until crews can get the remaining bees rounded up."

When the bee trees disappear, it means the bees have found a suitable spot to rebuild their hive. Finding and removing the colony would be difficult, if not impossible, especially in the dangerous wilderness of Yellowstone.

[{"type":"text","text":"After all, who loves honey more than bears?"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"“I haven’t seen any bears,” Holstein said. “Yet.”"}]

Jordan was more concerned about the people who lost their honey boxes and bee colonies. He knew how much money they had lost and must have spent trying to salvage whatever they could from the accident.

“From the way it looks. I’d think about 40-50% of what’s there is salvageable, maybe,” he said. “Each honey box can cost around $500 and generate around $2,000 in honey. 

"There could be two or three owners who lost their livelihood in that accident. That’s at least one whole company that has to rebuild.”

Bee tree swarm 6 22 26

<title>Millions Of Bees Swarm On Trees In Yellowstone After Hives Smashed In Semi Crash | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Almost a week after a semitruck carrying millions of bees flipped over in Yellowstone National Park and destroyed hundreds of hives, bees are still swarming on trees in the area. “It’s what's called a swarming mechanism,” said a Wyoming beekeeper.

Millions Of Bees Swarm On Trees In Yellowstone After Hives Smashed In Semi Crash

Employee kate meadows cropped

Kate Meadows

Energy

Wyoming's uranium industry is accelerating after decades of limited exploration and production, driven by growing demand for nuclear energy, national security concerns and an effort to reduce America's reliance on foreign fuel supplies.

"There's a lot of interest in uranium in Wyoming right now," said Travis Deti, executive director of the Wyoming Mining Association.

Much of that activity is centered in the Powder River Basin in northeast Wyoming, where companies ranging from established producers to smaller exploration firms are drilling again in what Deti believes is the beginning of another uranium boom.

"Our companies that have been on the ground for a while are producing again after a little down period," Deti said. "Domestic uranium production is really positioned well."

Among the companies expanding their footprint is American Uranium Ltd., which is in its fourth season of drilling near Casper.

"It's encouraging to see these companies getting back into business," said American Uranium CEO Bruce Lane.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Growing Need For Domestic Uranium"}]

For decades, the United States has imported most of the uranium used to fuel its nuclear reactors.

"We've been reliant on foreign actors that are not necessarily our friends," Deti said.

Nuclear energy still supplies about 20% of the nation's electricity, and the United States operates more nuclear reactors than any other country in the world, according to the U.S. Energy Information Association.

According to Lane, those reactors consume between 50 million and 55 million pounds of uranium annually, with the overwhelming majority coming from overseas suppliers.

"We've been off the playing field for a long time," Deti said. "It's time to get back on and build up our capacity to power our plants."

Congressional efforts to rebuild domestic nuclear fuel supplies, coupled with a ban on uranium imports from Russia, have accelerated interest in American production — along with a renewed push to develop advanced nuclear plants in Wyoming and the U.S.

Lane said the supply gap extends beyond the United States. Worldwide uranium mines produce about 140 million pounds annually, while demand is approaching 200 million pounds.

"The uranium industry has been on its knees all over the world," Lane said.

At the same time, roughly 80 nuclear reactors are under construction globally, many of them in China, he added. Each new reactor requires about 1.5 million pounds of uranium for its initial fuel load and about 500,000 pounds annually thereafter.

Uranium has strategic importance beyond commercial electricity generation. It is used by the federal government for defense applications like fueling naval reactors, while the military is exploring small, modular nuclear reactor technologies.

"I think everyone is realizing how vital it is for national security," Lane said.

American Uranium Drilling Again In Powder River Basin

American Uranium has permits to drill 121 holes as part of its exploration program in the Powder River Basin. More than half have already been completed.

Lane traveled from Australia to Wyoming last week to visit the project and discuss the future of domestic uranium production with policymakers in Washington, D.C.

The company expects to complete its current drilling campaign within the next three weeks and plans to release an updated resource estimate in July.

"Our objective is to expand the project and improve confidence in the resource," Lane said.

The results will help determine future production scenarios, economic forecasts and a timeline for permitting and construction of in-situ production.

If development proceeds as planned, Lane said the company could be producing Wyoming uranium by 2029 or 2030.

Engineers are also conducting hydrogeological studies to better understand the aquifer that hosts the uranium deposit.

Unlike historical open-pit uranium mines, Wyoming producers primarily use in-situ recovery, or ISR, mining. The process involves circulating a mild alkaline solution through uranium-bearing groundwater hundreds of feet below the surface, dissolving the uranium and pumping it to the surface for processing.

Resin beads capture the uranium from the water. The uranium is then stripped from the resin and dried into uranium concentrate, commonly known as yellowcake.

"All we're doing is treating the water, a bit like water softening," Lane said. "It's a very clean process."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"An Industry That Nearly Disappeared"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Wyoming was once at the center of a thriving uranium industry."}]

Lane said domestic production reached roughly 44 million pounds annually during the 1980s. About 27% of that, or about 12 million pounds, came from Wyoming.

But the industry collapsed as large volumes of inexpensive uranium entered world markets following agreements between the United States and Russia after the end of the Cold War.

American producers struggled to compete against those lower prices, and exploration largely stalled. Now, under current geopolitical pressures, domestic production is beginning to rebound.

Lane said U.S. uranium output is expected to reach 4 million to 5 million pounds this year, up from about 2.5 million pounds in 2025.

[{"type":"text","text":"Wyoming accounts for a significant share of that production, Deti added."}]

Momentum also increased after uranium was 

 by federal officials in late 2025, a move Wyoming's uranium industry had long advocated for.

Deti said Wyoming's extensive uranium resources and favorable regulatory environment position the state to remain a leading national producer.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Data Centers Could Add To Demand"}]

Supporters of uranium development also point to another fast-growing source of electricity demand: data centers.

The United States is expected to experience a sharp increase in power consumption over the coming years as companies build facilities to support artificial intelligence and cloud computing.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"We've got to get that power from somewhere,\" Deti said."}]

Natural gas remains the easiest near-term option for many developers, Lane said, but some technology companies are increasingly examining nuclear energy because it provides carbon-free, around-the-clock power.

Small modular reactors are viewed by many in the industry as particularly well suited for data centers because they can provide reliable electricity over long periods without the intermittency challenges associated with some renewable energy sources.

"The American data center buildout is real," Deti said. "We are in a race with the Chinese and other nations."

Wyoming, he added, is uniquely positioned because it produces many of the fuels needed to generate electricity, including coal, natural gas and uranium.

"With the projected significant growth in AI data centers, you really need every reliable source that you can get," Deti said.

For Wyoming, Lane sees uranium as another chapter in the state's long history of energy development.

Taxes generated by energy projects help support schools, hospitals and infrastructure.

"Uranium is one mixed phase of energy development that can really benefit the state," Lane said.

"We're going to need the fuel, and the fuel starts with Wyoming uranium," he said. "We have a tremendous opportunity."

American Uranium Ltd 3 6 22 26

<title>Wyoming Uranium Surges As Nuclear Demand, National Security Concerns Align | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Demand for nuclear fuel, a ban on imports from Russia and booming data center-driven electricity needs are sending uranium producers back into Wyoming. "We need the fuel, and the fuel starts with Wyoming uranium," said mining association chief Travis Deti

Wyoming Uranium Surges As Nuclear Demand, National Security Concerns Align

Daily Darwin

[{"type":"text","text":"Just a guess, but his party started earlier in the day…."}]

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