One More For The Road

[{"type":"text","text":"If you know, you know....."}]

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>One More For The Road: Friday, October 18, 2024 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

If you know, you know.....

One More For The Road: Friday, October 18, 2024

Employee kate meadows cropped

Kate Meadows

Agriculture

While Wyoming cattle appear to have endured the state’s 

, a recent heat wave in neighboring South Dakota has killed upward of 2,000 cattle, threatening producers’ livelihoods in an already tough market.

A combination of scorching temperatures and high humidity proved deadly, depleting herd numbers and highlighting just how vulnerable livestock can be during extreme weather.

While not as extreme as in South Dakota, Wyoming ranchers say heat stress has been common this summer.

"We see it all the time," said Trad Williamson of Williamson Land and Cattle in Moorcroft. "Absolutely, we keep a closer eye on our cattle because of the heat."

However, Wyoming ranchers said they aren't aware of widespread cattle deaths. That’s because the state's drier climate, cooler nighttime temperatures and relatively small number of feedlots appear to have spared producers from the catastrophic losses seen to the state's northeastern neighbor.

July's heat wave shattered records across Wyoming. Worland reached 110 degrees on one day and Sheridan climbed to 109, both all-time highs.

"Heat is just as much of a risk in Wyoming as it is in other states," Williamson said.

Although he hasn't heard of Wyoming cattle dying, some of his customers in South Dakota have suffered devastating losses, including one producer near Midland, South Dakota, who lost more than 100 cows and calves.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Deadly Combination"}]

The losses in South Dakota came from a one-two punch of extreme heat and unusually high humidity.

Warren Rusche, a feedlot management specialist with South Dakota State University Extension, said warm overnight temperatures prevented cattle from cooling off after enduring sweltering afternoons. Limited airflow with little wind compounded the problem.

"What that ended up causing was a pretty significant death loss," Rusche said.

Reports of additional losses were still coming in Wednesday, but Rusche estimated the death toll would exceed 3,000 head of cattle statewide.

"It was really a tough deal in terms of financial impact and the stress of trying to care for the livestock," he said.

The losses come as the U.S. cattle industry is already coping with historically tight supplies. The nation's herd is at its lowest level in roughly 75 years after years of drought, high operating costs and continued strong consumer demand for beef.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Why Wyoming Fared Better"}]

Most of the deaths occurred in feedlots, where cattle are larger, heavier and nearing slaughter weight.

Most of Wyoming’s cattle spending much of their lives grazing open range. 

"Wyoming doesn't have a huge footprint with feedlots," said Todd Fornstrom, a Laramie County rancher and president of the Wyoming Farm Bureau. "The cattle ready to go to a harvest facility are more prone to dying from the heat."

Wyoming also benefited from lower humidity and cooler nights, giving cattle a chance to recover after daytime temperatures peaked.

[{"type":"text","text":"Even so, the heat has kept ranchers on alert."}]

Black-hided cattle can be especially susceptible because their coats absorb more solar heat, Williamson said.

Still, cattle are generally better equipped to tolerate high temperatures than people, Fornstrom said, particularly when they have room to spread out and air can circulate.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"No Easy Solutions"}]

South Dakota producers did everything they could to protect their herds, Rusche said.

Some relied on portable shade structures — large tarps mounted on wheeled frames that can be repositioned throughout the day. But the structures can cost as much as $11,000 for a 30-by-40-foot unit, putting them out of reach for many operations.

[{"type":"text","text":"Even shade wasn't always enough."}]

Rusche said he heard reports of cattle being found dead beneath shade structures after animals crowded together in an effort to escape the sun, trapping heat within the group.

"This was a case where shade alone is not necessarily the silver bullet that will prevent all death losses," he said.

[{"type":"text","text":"Planting trees isn't an inexpensive solution either, Williamson added."}]

"A lot of ranchers don't have the money and resources to build things for shade," he said.

Instead, many producers simply intensified monitoring of their herds, checking cattle more frequently and doing everything possible to reduce stress.

"This is one of the things I really want to stress — I know those ranchers were doing all they could," Rusche said.

Producers who suffered catastrophic livestock losses could qualify for assistance through the federal Livestock Indemnity Program, which helps compensate owners for deaths caused by eligible adverse events

Cattle in northsest Wyoming Buddy Mays via Alamy 8 5 26

<title>Drier Air, Cooler Nights Helped Wyoming Avoid South Dakota's Cattle Catastrophe | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Lower humidity and relatively cool nights helped Wyoming cattle endure a record heat wave, ranchers say. South Dakota wasn't so fortunate, losing as many as 2,000 head to heat and humidity at a time when America's herd is at a 75-year low.

Drier Air, Cooler Nights Helped Wyoming Avoid South Dakota's Cattle Catastrophe

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's business and tourism reporter, Renée Jean

Renée Jean

Business

For nearly 30 years, Jackson Hole has grown up around a picturesque 5.43-acre parcel of wooded land along the west bank of the Snake River.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"In 1997, that parcel sold for $275,000. "}]

Not much on the land has changed in the 30 years since. Sure, the trees have grown a little taller, but the grass is as verdant as ever. 

What’s really changed about this pristine piece of unimproved land is its price.

In 2025, the 5.43 acres with its Snake River frontage sold for $5.45 million — despite never having any improvements other than what Mother Nature provided in sunshine, rain and time.

That makes the appreciation of this parcel a whopping 1,981%, according to figures from the real estate team Viehman Group, which has examined the 30-year trend for luxury properties in Jackson Hole. 

That’s an annualized return of 10.65%, which is slightly better than the overall stock market return of the S&P 500, which averaged 10.4% from January 1996 through December 2025, according to calculations by the financial services company Fidelity. 

Though not many properties in Jackson Hole have outpaced the stock market, their appreciation is still eye-catching, ranging from 6.6 times higher on average for luxury single-family homes to 14 times higher for luxury residential vacant land. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Defining A Luxury Property"}]

The report focused on appreciation in just the luxury category.

Nationally, the benchmark set for defining a “luxury” real estate property is the top 10% slice of any market. 

In Jackson Hole, based on the 186 homes sold in 2025, that would put luxury homes starting at $13.5 million.

For its analysis, Viehman Group used a value of $10 million for single-family homes and $5 million for condominiums, townhomes and vacant land.

Luxury land prices in Jackson Hole are driven by factors such as scarcity, extreme privacy and protected natural beauty, all while maintaining a reasonable distance to Jackson for amenities. 

Unobstructed Teton views and vistas add to the premium. Water frontage along the Snake River and Fish Creek, or private trout ponds, can double the baseline value of a piece of land.

Bordering national forests, the National Elk Refuge, or lands secured by conservation easements that ensure seclusion and zero intrusive development also add to the bottom-line value.

West Bank is one of the micro-locations particularly prized for its mature trees and proximity to ski resorts as well as the lush, river-adjacent microclimate. 

The East and West Gros Ventre Buttes, meanwhile, offer sweeping valley lookouts. 

Private sporting enclaves such as the Snake River Sporting Club or 3-Creek Ranch, with integrated amenities, can also add value.

Across the valley, luxury vacant land appreciated an average of 1,384% over 30 years, or about 14 times what buyers originally paid. 

Luxury condos and townhomes rose on average 858%, about 8.6 times higher than their 1990 values, while luxury single-family homes climbed 657%, or about 6.6 times.

The lowest appreciation for residential land was still a 913% gain for a 3.53-acre parcel in the West Bank John Dodge neighborhood, which is a nine-fold increase over 26 years. 

Similar patterns showed up in other luxury categories. 

The weakest performer in the single-family group still more than tripled, rising from $3.6 million in 1999 to $10.45 million in 2024. The best performer, a residence in Schofield Patent on the West Bank, gained 1,522%, going from $1.1 million in 1999 to $16.75 million in 2025.

In the luxury condo and townhome segment, the top appreciation was 1,235% for an original-section Teton Village condo that went from $425,000 in 1995 to $5.25 million in 2026. 

The common thread across all these asset classes is that while not every property beat the S&P 500, almost all delivered long-term returns most investors would envy.

The 30-year report traces the valley’s gains to policy as much as its postcard scenery, according to the Viehman Group’s Devon Viehman.

“It’s not all just the COVID numbers that bumped it up,” she told Cowboy State Daily. “We’ve seen a steady progression over the last 30 years, and every time we see this, we go back and look at this historical data. Every time, more stringent land development regulations have been put on our valley, like in the '90s when they made it so you couldn’t ... our minimum lot size was 3 acres and they made it 35 acres. Property values went up.”

Every restriction has acted as a curb to supply, Viehman added. In a place where supply is already restricted to 3% by surrounding federal lands, the significance of such rules has carried outsized weight.

“We have so much conservation in the valley and so little land,” she said. “It’s just supply and demand. And those regulations made it worse starting in the ‘90s. That’s kind of the big takeaway.”

One recent deal that shows just how far Jackson Hole’s luxury market has come — and how outsized some of its biggest transactions are — was the sale of the Four Seasons Resort and Residences in Teton Village.

That was the largest real estate deal in Jackson Hole history, Viehman said, with a price tag so high the Viehman Group team decided to leave it out of the 30-year analysis. 

“If you add in the Four Seasons sale, we did have a record year,” Viehman said. “But if you take that out, it’s pretty on par from last year. So we didn’t add it to our numbers, because it would have skewed everything so much.”

The landmark transaction for $1.1 billion included two properties: The Four Seasons Resort in Orlando at Walt Disney and the Four Seasons Resort and Residences in Jackson Hole. 

The exact distribution between the two properties has not been disclosed. But Viehman said industry sources estimate the value of the Teton Village asset alone at about $650 million. 

That pushes the total real estate transaction volume in Jackson Hole for the first three months of the year past $1 billion. 

For the “lower” end of Jackson Hole’s market — where values are under $2 million — there’s been little turnover, Viehman said. 

“People have these great interest rates that they don’t want to leave,” she said. “And then, also, people don’t want to go get a 6% loan right now, so those are really tough to sell.”

On the other hand, a well-priced home in that range sometimes sells quickly. 

“The Aspen Reserve on the cover our report went under contract in less than 24 hours,” she said. “It had multiple offers because it’s new, it’s beautiful, and the upper end buyers didn’t want to deal with waiting to build. So if there’s a nice new product, it’s getting multiple offers at the high end of the market, which is really interesting.”

Jackson Hole real estate 8 5 26

<title>Value Of Jackson Luxury Property Grew 1,981% Since 1995, Beat Stock Market Gains | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A new 30-year analysis shows longtime Jackson Hole luxury property values matched — and in some cases beat — stock market gains. One 5.43-acre property increased in value from $275,000 in 1995 to $5.45 million in 2025, a 1,981% gain.

Value Of Jackson Luxury Property Grew 1,981% Since 1995, Beat Stock Market Gains

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Around Wyoming

For much of the summer, residents in Pinedale watched smoke drift into western Wyoming from fires burning hundreds of miles away.

[{"type":"text","text":"Tuesday night, the smoke finally came from their own backyard."}]

"It was our first plume of the summer," longtime Pinedale wildlife photographer Dave Bell told Cowboy State Daily. "We've had smoke off and on, and the smoke's been thicker lately from other places, but this is the first smoke plume we've had in our surrounding mountain ranges all summer long. That's always a sad sight to see." 

The Bare Fire, burning north of Bare Pass and east of Bare Creek on the Big Piney Ranger District of the Bridger-Teton National Forest, grew to an estimated 431 acres Tuesday after exhibiting active fire behavior that included torching and spotting.

The wildfire also spread from national forest land onto adjacent Bureau of Land Management property before moderating during the early evening, says the U.S. Forest Service.

[{"type":"text","text":"The cause remains under investigation."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Response Escalates"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"As the fire grew, the firefighting response expanded with it."}]

Resources assigned to the fire include one Type 1 helicopter, two Type 3 helicopters, smokejumpers, a suppression module, one water tender, one Type 3 engine, three Type 6 engines and additional firefighting personnel.

The U.S. Forest Service has also ordered a Type 3 Incident Management Team, a multi-agency organization of wildfire specialists used when a fire becomes more complex than local forest personnel can manage alone.

[{"type":"text","text":"Fire managers are using both direct and indirect suppression tactics."}]

Direct attack involves engaging the fire's active edge to stop its spread, while indirect confinement means firefighters work farther away from the flames to steer or contain the fire using terrain and firelines.

Wednesday, crews planned to strengthen an established anchor point before constructing a direct fireline along the north and south flanks of the blaze. Helicopters will continue dropping water to slow the fire's spread along its eastern edge.

The public is being asked to avoid Bare Creek Road (Forest Service Road 10046) and South Cottonwood Road (Forest Service Road 10050) while firefighters work. A forest closure order is expected.

Stage 1 fire restrictions remain in effect throughout the Teton Interagency Dispatch area, including the Bridger-Teton National Forest, Grand Teton National Park and the National Elk Refuge. 

Fire danger remains rated High, meaning new fires can start easily and spread quickly.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Double-Edged Sword"}]

Bell, who has spent decades photographing Wyoming wildlife and landscapes, said the fire is burning in one of his favorite corners of the state.

"The Wyoming Range is sort of Wyoming's best-kept secret," he said. "It's just a beautiful, beautiful area." 

Unlike the neighboring Wind River Range, the Wyoming Range receives fewer backpackers because it lacks a federally designated wilderness area, Bell said.

[{"type":"text","text":"The thick timber also provides abundant fuel."}]

"You can tell the healthy forest from the old forest," Bell said, noting that previously logged areas have generally regenerated well. "A lot of fuel over there, as there is everywhere, and once they start, they're hard to put out." f

Although watching smoke rise over the Wyoming Range is difficult, Bell said wildfire also plays an important ecological role.

"Fire is a tragic event when it occurs, and it's kind of ugly for a while, but the net result is good for everything," he said. 

He said fire clears dead and downed timber, opens wildlife migration corridors and encourages new vegetation, including aspens, to sprout.

"Fire's ugly. It's dangerous, but you see some of these old burn scars with the kinds of vegetation that's coming up in them. It's kind of just how it works," he said.

[{"type":"text","text":"Bell quickly added that he wasn't cheering for the fire."}]

"I'm not saying I'm welcoming this. Don't get me wrong," he said. "It's not all bad either." 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Watching The Mountains"}]

The Bridger-Teton National Forest and the U.S. Forest Service did not return Cowboy State Daily's requests for additional information before publication.

Based on the fire's location, Bell said he is not especially concerned about homes but noted ranchers with cattle grazing allotments in the area are likely watching developments closely.

Otherwise, he described the surrounding landscape as "just timber pretty much." 

Tuesday night, Bell drove out to photograph the fire beneath a clear Wyoming sky. While changing lenses to capture the growing blaze, he noticed something else.

"The Milky Way sort of dominates the sky," he said. "Then I got a meteor in the middle of it." 

[{"type":"text","text":"By Wednesday morning, the mountains themselves had disappeared from view."}]

"I can't see the Wyoming Range from my house this morning," Bell said. "It's completely gone."

Bare Fire dave 8 5 26

<title>Wildfire In Timber West Of Pinedale Expected To Bring National Forest Closures | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A wildfire burning in timber west of Pinedale in the Wyoming Range has grown to nearly 450 acres and is expected to bring forest closures. "I can't see the Wyoming Range from my house," said a Pinedale photographer Wednesday about smoke in the area.

Wildfire In Timber West Of Pinedale Expected To Bring National Forest Closures

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's managing editor, Greg Johnson.

Greg Johnson

Crime & Courts

Courts

A 34-year-old Upton man denies allegations he pulled a gun on a group of people at a Gillette hotel and threatened to “put a bullet in everybody’s head.”

That’s what Gillette Police Department investigators allege a reportedly intoxicated Dakota Adams did during a Saturday confrontation with his girlfriend while their children were present at the National 9 Inn on the east side of the city.

Police were contacted by a bystander at the hotel who reported Adams, who “appeared to be intoxicated and extremely aggravated” and arguing with a woman, while another man and her older children were behind her, according to an affidavit of probable cause written by GPD Officer Kimberly Hockman.

“Dakota had a revolver in his hand and threatened to ‘put a bullet in everybody’s head,’” the affidavit says.

The witness “explained it appeared to be a family dispute between Dakota and a female,” Hockman wrote, adding that Adams and the woman were in a five-year relationship, but that she wanted out.

In fact, she was at the hotel with another man, identified in the affidavit as her new boyfriend.

By the time police arrived at the National 9, Adams had “placed the revolver in his waistband and left the area in a gray Ford Edge with no rear plate … (and) with two children in the back seat,” the affidavit says.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What She Said"}]

Because Adams may have been armed and the children in the back of the car — which belonged to his father, and who was in the car with Adams — police were prepared to conduct a “high-risk stop,” Hockman wrote.

They wouldn’t need to, as Adams pulled into a gas station, where police caught up to him, according to the affidavit.

Hockman then arrived with the girlfriend, who “explained she had come to Gillette to cash her paycheck,” and that her “vehicle was parked outside of the National 9 because her new boyfriend resided there,” she wrote.

The woman had been getting repeated phone calls and text messages from Adams, then he spotted her car at the hotel, the affidavit says.

“When (the woman) came outside to roll up her windows, Dakota was in the passenger seat of (his father’s) vehicle watching her,” the document continues. “Dakota got out and started walking towards (her) and her two older children.”

Believing Adams was trying to get to the two older children to take them with him, the girlfriend told police that he “repeatedly said, ‘Get the f*** out of my way’ and tried pushing past (the woman),” according to the affidavit.

She said she told Adams to leave because of how he was behaving and she didn’t want him scaring their kids.

Adams eventually retreated back to his father’s car, then emerged with a gun.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Not The First Time"}]

The woman told police that she heard his father say, “Cody, don’t,” and explained that they all sometimes would call Adams “Cody.”

That’s when she “looked back and saw Dakota pointing the gun directly at her,” the affidavit says. “Dakota said something to the effect of, ‘Why don’t I just cut everybody in this mother f***er down’ while waving the gun around.”

Adams allegedly backed off when he realized that others were watching the confrontation and that at least one bystander had called police.

The woman also said that Adams “was a chronic alcoholic and this was not the first time Dakota had become belligerent and aggressive towards her,” Hockman wrote, “even stating this was not the first time he threatened her with a gun.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What He Said"}]

For his part, Adams denies threatening anyone and initially claimed he didn’t pull a gun. He later admitted he did get a gun from the car and had it in his hand, but denied pointing it at anyone, the affidavit says.

“Dakota advised he was in town from Upton with his father and two children to do some grocery shopping and to run a few errands,” the affidavit says. “One of those errands was shopping at Gun Traders, where he stated he purchased a ‘defective’ Taurus handgun revolver.”

[{"type":"text","text":"He also said the gun wasn’t loaded."}]

Adams knew his girlfriend was at the hotel because she was having trouble cashing a check and was there.

The woman “came outside yelling at him, saying she wanted to end their relationship,” according to the affidavit. “While (she) was yelling at Dakota, she ‘nudged’ him away; however, Dakota never expressed that he felt threatened.”

The Upton man also told police that “he realized what he did was ‘dumb’ and put the gun back,” the affidavit continues.

The man who initially called 911 told police that Adams allegedly confronted him about calling police and that he “believed he may be shot by Dakota at this time,” Hockman wrote.

That’s when Adams then opened the cylinder on his revolver and said there were no bullets in it, got into his car and left the hotel.

Adams was arrested Saturday and had his first appearance in Campbell County Circuit Court on Monday.

A preliminary hearing to determine if there’s enough evidence to continue with a felony prosecution is set for Monday.

If convicted of aggravated assault, Adams could face a maximum sentence of up to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000, or both.

National 9 Inn Gillette 8 4 26

<title>Upton Man Denies Pulling Gun, Threating To ‘Put A Bullet In Everybody’s Head’ | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A 34-year-old Upton man denies he pulled a gun on a group of people at a Gillette hotel Saturday and threatened to “put a bullet in everybody’s head.” Police say the threat was made during a confrontation with his girlfriend and her new boyfriend.

Upton Man Denies Pulling Gun, Threating To ‘Put A Bullet In Everybody’s Head’

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Politics

Numerous Wyoming Republicans are propping their messaging this election season on trans sports bans. 

Which has prompted a debate about who gets credit for the Wyoming’s set of bans on transgender athletes in girls’ and women’s school sports. 

The reflexive answer is the bills’ sponsor, Sen. Wendy Schuler, R-Evanston. But Schuler in her Tuesday phone interview chuckled at her fairness-in-sports-bills becoming high-profile campaign fodder for others, and said, “it takes a village.” 

Her first blanket trans sports ban failed the state House of Representatives in 2022. Her second ban, for grades 7-12, passed the Legislature with 79 Republican lawmakers in favor. 

[{"type":"text","text":"So did her third girls’ sports bill extending the ban to college. "}]

[{"type":"text","text":"What The Candidates, Or The PACs, Are Saying"}]

Secretary of State Chuck Gray has campaigned on sports fairness in at least one YouTube video in his bid for the GOP nomination to U.S. House. 

Also the Protecting Wyoming Values PAC, which backs Gray, dispatched a mailer this summer noting he co-sponsored one of the fairness bills. 

As of July 29, that PAC had raised nearly $1 million and was funded exclusively by Gray’s father, 

The mailer shows a heavyset, hairy male with an ample chest, wearing a crop top, grimacing down at a soccer ball while smaller females frown behind him. 

It also says Gray “made banning biological males from women’s college sports a top priority” and notes that Gray “blasted” politicians who didn’t sue over President Joe Biden’s trans-friendly reinterpretation of federal education laws. 

Wyoming sued over those rules in August 2024, three months after Gray lamented it hadn’t. 

A message from the campaign of Superintendent of Public Instruction Megan Degenfelder, who is running for governor, says she championed Wyoming’s ban on transgender athletes from high school into college. It also notes she led Wyoming’s 2024 litigation against the Biden administration over its reinterpretation. 

And the Wyoming Freedom Caucus, which comprises a controversial group of Republican state House legislators, wrote in a Facebook post this week: “We protected women’s sports from men.” 

In context, Gray did not mobilize Wyoming’s enacted trans-athlete bans directly because the successful versions passed once Gray was in the executive branch, overseeing elections and business filings.

[{"type":"text","text":"Degenfelder has not served in the Legislature."}]

 have vocally promoted protections for Wyoming’s female school athletes. 

The record reflects that Degenfelder helped to lead the state’s litigation against Biden; and her department offered suggestions to strengthen Wyoming’s first successful trans sports ban. She joined 

Numerous Wyoming Republicans are claiming some degree of credit for a trans sports ban championed by Sen. Wendy Schuler.  Schuler says she's happy if they think they helped but it was the Legislature that got the bill "across the finish line.”

One More For The Road: Friday, October 18, 2024

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