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Michael P. Ramirez

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Daily Cartoon: Monday, December 25, 2023 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Daily Cartoon: Monday, December 25, 2023

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's Feature Reporter, Andrew Rossi.

Andrew Rossi

Business & Tourism

Tourism

The Maverik gas station in Montrose, Colorado, can’t sell any diesel after someone dumped an RV’s waste tank into the station’s underground diesel supply.

The incident happened sometime on Monday, and a woman who answered the phone at the Montrose Maverik station on Tuesday confirmed that someone had dumped an RV waste tank into its underground diesel storage tank.

She said the pumps “are shut down right now,” that the store was busy, and hung up.

Cowboy State Daily hasn’t been able to confirm the status of the situation at the Montrose Maverik since that call. Subsequent calls weren’t answered.

Evan Peters shared details of the incident in the Facebook group Montrose Message Board.

“They dumped into the large manhole covers near the road directly into the diesel tank,” he wrote. “They have a dedicated dump at the larger pumps, but I guess someone decided to undo the manhole and dump there.”

To add insult to injury, Peters said a cashier at the Montrose Maverik told him the station had “just gotten a new delivery of diesel.”

Now, they’ll have to pump everything out of the tank and thoroughly clean it before it’s operational.

That’s what happens when someone’s No. 2 becomes someone else’s No. 1 problem.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Necessary Evil"}]

Bill Sniffin, an avid RV enthusiast and Cowboy State Daily columnist, said emptying an RV’s waste tank is “a necessary evil of RVing.”

“Let me tell you, it’s not fun,” he said. “It's usually a two-person operation, and it’s pretty darn rank.”

When Sniffin heard about the incident at the Montrose Maverik, he said it was “almost unbelievable.” 

He couldn’t see how anyone could confuse an RV dump station for the portal leading to a diesel fuel tank, regardless of how the gas station is situated.

“The dump stations are very obvious,” he said. “They’ll have signs all over the place, and it’s very self-explanatory.”

When people rent or buy RVs, they might not anticipate that anything that’s flushed down the on-board toilet needs to be emptied, usually every week or so. It’s the least glamorous part of traveling via RV.

“You can’t hire anybody to do it for you,” Sniffin said. “Luckily, I've got a wife who's a pretty good sport about it, but I have to admit that I have many pictures of her standing over the tank, holding her nose, and trying not to yuck.”

When discussing the Montrose incident, Sniffin kept referencing the 2006 film “RV” starring the late Robin Williams. In the movie, Williams plays an oblivious dad who rents an RV for a fun family vacation.

There’s a particular scene where Williams’s character has to empty the RV’s waste tank. Williams used his comedic genius to make the most of the all-too-relatable moment.

“He doesn’t know how to do it, so of course it explodes into a brown Old Faithful,” Sniffin said. “Anybody who's ever been in the RV business looks at that scene, cringes, and says, ‘For the grace of God, go sweet, those hoses better not pop loose.”

Sniffin has never had an incident as severe as depicted in “RV.” His worst experience was when one of the hoses he used to empty the waste tank split in the hot sun.

[{"type":"text","text":"“It was a helluva mess,” he said."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Black Then Gray (In That Order)"}]

RVs have two notable tanks that need to be emptied regularly. The gray water tank holds the water used for sinks and showers, and the black water tank holds the smelly stuff.

According to Sniffin, an experienced RVer knows they need to empty the black tank before the gray tank.

“You have two valves and one hose,” he said. “The routine is to do the black valve first, so all the really bad stuff is gone, then you do the gray valve to rinse out all the stuff as it goes down.”

Where can you empty the black tank? It can be more logistically challenging than many people, especially first-time RVers, realize.

Most RV campsites have waste tank dump sites, either a singular designated spot or one at each hookup, if it’s a full-service site. RVers on the road can empty their black water tanks at fairgrounds, truck stops, and water treatment plants, usually for a fee.

Some gas stations, including Maverik, have dump stations available for free. 

They’re usually clearly marked, with lots of signage telling RVers of all stripes exactly where to back up and bail out their black water tanks.

That comes with a certain risk, as the Montrose Maverik discovered this week.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Everyone Has Stories"}]

Andrea Wood, general manager at the Devils Tower/Black Hills KOA campground, has an RV waste tank dump station at her campground. However, it’s only available to “registered campers.”

“They can reserve a water and electric site, which means they use our dump station, or they are in a full hookup site, which means they hook directly to the sewer system.”

Anyone else who asks to swing in and use their dump station is directed to the Crook County Fairgrounds in Sundance. It’s best not to take chances.

“Anyone who works at a campground will have fecal matter stories for you,” she said. “It is not a daily occurrence, but it happens with frequency, without question.”

Wood couldn’t recall a particularly “exciting” incident at the Devils Tower/Black Hills KOA campground, although there’s nothing exciting about it.

According to her, the most common problem is people “emptying their black water tanks into whatever hole they can find.”

“Not only is it inconvenient and gross, but it's a biohazard,” she said. “The cleanup is never much fun, but it's also a safety concern.”

That said, there’s a particular demographic that’s the most problematic. Nearly every incident Wood could recall involved inexperienced RVers who were “unaware” of what they were doing.

“Lots of people buy or rent campers thinking it's going to be a fun vacation thing, but they don't truly grasp the maintenance and what's required to take a rig down the road,” she said.

Sometimes, people dump their black water tanks in the first spot they find. Sometimes, they don’t even wait for a promising pipe.

“Some people don't bother to put their black water tubing into the sewer hole, and have dumped it straight onto the ground,” Wood said. “Other times, they found something alongside the road that looked like it might work for them and pumped their things into that. 

"It's always amazing to us where they choose to dump, because it's really, it's quite simple.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"'Unbelievably Newbie'"}]

Sniffin’s guess was that whoever was responsible for the incident was “unbelievably newbie.” They would have had to unscrew the lid to the subterranean fuel tank, insert their hose into it, and let ‘er rip.

“It’s almost unbelievable,” he said. “The whole process is so unpleasant that it's bad enough, but then doing it in the wrong place is just unbelievable to me.”

Wood shared the assessment that the perpetrator was probably a first-time or inexperienced RVer. However, she added that many RV mishaps are caused by foreign tourists who have even less experience with RVs than the average American.

“We get lots of German and French travelers that travel with Cruise America, and they are frequently very unfamiliar with the RVs,” she said. “It's just about knowing and understanding the rig that they're driving and being able to use it the way it's meant to be used, which many don’t.”

Regardless of their experience or ethnicity, the person who made the mistake in Montrose just made their vacation a lot more expensive.

Sniffin, who used to work at a gas station, knows how laborious and meticulous it is to maintain fuel tanks. Correcting the mistake at the Montrose Maverik will be costly and time-consuming.

“I can't imagine the process they're going to have to go through to clean that tank out,” he said. “The whole process of dumping fuel into a fuel tank is very antiseptic. 

"The people driving those trucks make sure not a speck of dirt or anything gets into the tanks or the hose there because that could ultimately mess up a car.”

The Montrose Maverik will have to empty and thoroughly clean the underground diesel tank, along with all the associated filters, pumps, and hoses, before refilling it.

“It's going to be very expensive,” Sniffin said. “If you make that kind of mistake, you are in an unbelievable world of hurt.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Never Never Land"}]

Most people don’t have issues emptying their RV’s black water tank. Wood thinks it’s incredibly simple.

“There's literally only one spot to do it, and all that’s there is a PVC pipe with a cap on it,” she said. “You take the cap off, put your sewer hose in there, and that's where it goes.”

Wood could believe that someone would mistake a fuel tank for an RV dump station, as incredulous as she was that anyone could get that far without realizing what they were doing. 

For her, it’s a reminder that people need to understand RVs before renting or buying one.

“If you're going to use the bathroom in your camper, that goes somewhere,” she said. “It doesn't just disappear into Never Never Land. All of that raw sewage has to go somewhere, and it’s your responsibility to do that the right way at the right spot.”

RV and Montrose Maverik 5 27 26

<title>RV Driver Empties Waste Tank Into Colorado Gas Station's Diesel Supply | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A Colorado Maverik station can’t sell any diesel after someone dumped an RV’s waste tank into the station’s underground diesel supply tank this week. One avid RVer said the mistake is “almost unbelievable … the dump stations are very obvious."

RV Driver Empties Waste Tank Into Colorado Gas Station's Diesel Supply

Heinz mark

Mark Heinz

Government & Politics

Legislature

Wildlife agents are killing just as many — if not more — grizzly bears every year because of human-bear conflicts than hunters would if there were grizzly hunting seasons, Wyoming Game and Fish Department Director Angi Bruce told lawmakers.

An average of 21 “conflict” bears are killed in Wyoming every year, whereas 20 grizzly tags might be issued for a “conservative” Wyoming hunting season, Bruce said Wednesday.  

She made those remarks before the Legislature’s Joint Travel, Recreation, Wildlife and Cultural Resources Committee, which is meeting in Casper.

Bruce has been an outspoken advocate for delisting grizzlies in the Lower 48 from federal Endangered Species Act (ESA) protection. 

So has her predecessor, former Game and Fish Director Brian Nesvik, who is now director of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS).

Bruce told the committee that she regards grizzly hunting as a vital “management tool” that her department is now denied.

That is “allowing these bears to be more comfortable in the ecosystem and spreading outside the ecosystem than they would be if we had a hunting season,” Bruce said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"‘Be Patient’"}]

While giving the committee an update on Game and Fish, Bruce mentioned efforts to delist grizzlies, which started a discussion on the matter.

Grizzly delisting involves federal policy, so the committee took no action. 

There’s an ongoing, two-pronged approach to get grizzlies in the Lower 48 delisted, Bruce said. She didn’t mention a time frame for when it might happen.

There are efforts to take an “administrative” approach through FWS, as well as a legislative approach, through bills pending before the U.S. Congress.

Last year, Wyoming Republican Rep. Harriet Hageman introduced 

, the Grizzly Bear State Management Act, and Republican Sen. Cynthia Lummis introduced a mirror bill.

On the administrative side, Bruce said the goal is to come up with a “durable” delisting plan that will “last through the court system.”

Previous grizzly delistings, most recently in 2017, were overturned by federal judges.

“We are working very closely with our Fish and Wildlife Service partners in the effort to delist the grizzly bear,” Bruce told the committee. "I will tell you and ask you to be patient, because these things take time.

“You won’t see anything publicly-facing on this until later in the year. But just know that it is a continuous work in progress."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Just One Judge"}]

Committee member Sen. Brian Boner, R-Douglas, remarked that “all it takes is one judge to undo all of that effort.”

“How easy is it for a different (presidential) administration to just come in and wipe it away on Day One?” Boner asked Bruce.

Bruce said the goal is to craft a delisting plan that is built “on science,” but noted that an administrative delisting could be overturned.

“That’s why we’re not letting off the gas when it comes to the legislative fix — a congressional action to delist them,” she said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"‘Mother May I?’"}]

Game and Fish is already essentially managing grizzlies in Wyoming, and spending about $2 million a year doing so, Bruce said.  

However, with ESA protection still in place for grizzlies, federal authorities have the final say, she said.

“We still have to go to the Fish and Wildlife Service and ask ‘mother may I?’ beforehand,” Bruce said.

Committee member Rep. Robert Wharff, R-Evanston, asked Bruce when Wyoming’s grizzly population reached objective numbers.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"“Over 20 years ago,” Bruce responded."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Roadless Protection"}]

If the goal is to kill fewer grizzlies, hunting might be the better option, Wharff said.

“People need to understand that grizzly bears are dying even under federal protection, they are being removed rather than using sportsmen to hunt those bears,” he said.

“The agency is put in a pretty tenuous position. They don’t want to be killing grizzly bears, but that’s one of the realities,” Wharff added.

Richard Garrett, government affairs advisor for the Greater Yellowstone Coalition (GYC), told the committee that the GYC is willing to keep talking about a “durable and sustainable” plan to delist grizzlies.

 on national forests could affect grizzlies, he said.

Roadless areas reduce human-bear conflict, Garrett said.

“We’re seeing a lot of human activities on roadways right now,” he said. "Because grizzlies are very active and applications on cellphones are very active too."

Calls to delist grizzlies surged again after 

 in Yellowstone and Glacier national parks, and in Idaho.

In Yellowstone, two brothers were severely hurt when a grizzly mauled them, and a grizzly is thought to have killed a hiker in Glacier.

In Idaho, a black bear hunter shot and killed a grizzly that charged him and his son. Wildlife agents ruled that the shooting was legitimate self-defense.

Grizzlies may be hunted in Alaska and parts of Canada. Those in the Lower 48 haven’t been hunted since they were put under ESA protection in 1975.

Whether hunting grizzlies makes them more fearful of humans and mitigates human-bear conflicts

 among biologists and bear conservation advocates. 

Some claim that it’s effective, others argue that it makes no difference.

Angi Bruce and grizzly 5 27 26

<title>Director Says Game And Fish Likely Killing More Grizzlies Than Hunters Would | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming is killing more "conflict" grizzlies than would be killed by hunters if the bears were delisted, the state Game and Fish director said Wednesday. One legislator said that if the goal is to kill fewer grizzlies, hunting might be the better option.

Director Says Game And Fish Likely Killing More Grizzlies Than Hunters Would

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Crime & Courts

Law Enforcement

A Cheyenne-based church, barbershop and advocacy group have filed a legal challenge against Laramie County Sheriff Brian Kozak, claiming the sheriff bypassed the public process 

 three agreements, “unilaterally,” with the U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE).

American Civil Liberties Union attorney Andrew Malone filed the challenge Tuesday in the Laramie County District Court for Wyoming, along with local attorney Elizabeth B. Lance, on behalf of Juntos, the Unitarian Universalist Church of Cheyenne, and Drew’s Barbershop.

The complaint asks for “declaratory judgment” against Kozak, meaning the plaintiffs want the court to say that they’re correct under the law and Kozak is wrong. 

It also asks the court to hold Kozak’s three agreements with ICE as unlawful and block them permanently, as well as grant “any other relief that the Court deems just and equitable.”

Kozak’s office has three agreements with ICE, which the agencies call 287(g) agreements. 

One lets jail officials investigate inmates for potential immigration violations. Another lets the sheriff’s deputies act as immigration task force agents and investigate federal immigration violations while they’re out enforcing laws. And another lets the Laramie County Detention Center house detainees for ICE.

Kozak signed all three agreements last May, the complaint says. His agency has 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Truck Around"}]

The sheriff’s office grabbed headlines in April when it announced it had caught 46 illegal commercial truck drivers in its latest “

And in April, the sheriff’s office logged the greatest number of immigration arrests in the country of any local or state law enforcement agency, the complaint relates from a 

The ACLU’s complaint says Kozak didn’t submit these agreements to the Laramie County Clerk or get written permission from the Laramie County Commission to enter them or spend money on them. It says state law requires both.

“The Laramie County Board of Commissioners never debated, voted on, adopted a resolution, passed a resolution, or otherwise officially sanctioned Sheriff Kozak’s decision to enter any of the three 287(g) agreements or to incur the expenses associated with the agreements,” says the complaint, adding that Kozak’s office spent about $75,000 on immigration expenses from Sept. 1, 2025, to Jan. 31, 2026.

It also says Kozak bypassed the Wyoming Administrative Procedures Act, which requires agencies to give the public 45 days’ notice of substantive rules changes, and must afford any group of 25 or more people the opportunity to hold a hearing on those changes.  

“Wyoming sheriffs do not have limitless authority,” the complaint says.

Cowboy State Daily left Kozak a voicemail Wednesday and will update this 

[{"type":"text","text":"ICE did not immediately respond to a Wednesday morning email inquiry."}]

Laramie County Clerk Debra Lee confirmed in a Wednesday phone call that, “We have no agreements that have been submitted for 287(g) agreements to our office, or on file with our office.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"The Barber Deported To Nicaragua"}]

Drew’s barbershop lost an employee because Laramie County Sheriff’s Office deputies worked together with ICE to deport the employee to Nicaragua, the lawsuit says.

” Carlos Montes had been working at Drew’s Barbershop for six months when a Laramie County Sheriff’s deputy pulled him over for an inoperable headlight, the complaint says. 

It adds that the deputy then used the authority one of the three ICE agreements reportedly conferred to arrest Montes over his immigration status.

The document says Montes lacked a criminal history, and that his partner was pregnant at the time.

His family and employer navigated “confusing and contradictory information” to find him, the lawsuit alleges, and they eventually learned he’d been deported to Nicaragua.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Juntos"}]

The complaint says Juntos, a nonprofit group that advocates for immigrants and marginalized communities, was cheated of the chance to comment ahead of the three contracts’ adoption, and that it’s had to adjust its activities and budgeting because of them.

“Juntos has begun to host events online rather than in person in response to the community’s fear of being detained under the 287(g) agreements while traveling to or attending these events,” says the complaint. “This prevents the organization from creating the kind of connections and relationships with community members that require face-to-face interactions.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"The Church"}]

The complaint says the Unitarian Universalist Church of Cheyenne has had to redirect $4,000 of its charity money and $6,000 in food and supplies to support people impacted by the sheriff’s agreements. 

The church formed the Friends of Immigrants Responding Ethically (FIRE) ministry for this cause, the document says.

All three plaintiffs allege they would have participated in the public process for adopting the agreements, had one unfolded.

Kozak and deputies ICE 5 27 26

<title>ACLU Helps Church, Nonprofit Group Sue Laramie County Sheriff Over ICE Agreements | Cowboy State Daily</title>

The ACLU is helping a Cheyenne-based church, barbershop and nonprofit group sue Laramie County Sheriff Brian Kozak over his three agreements with ICE. “Wyoming sheriffs do not have limitless authority,” the complaint says.

ACLU Helps Church, Nonprofit Group Sue Laramie County Sheriff Over ICE Agreements

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's business and tourism reporter, Renée Jean

Renée Jean

EVANSTON — Prometheus Hyperscale laid out a vision for its massive 1.2 gigawatt data center campus on a ranch east of town owned by native Trenton Thornock. It’s a place where cattle still graze and the residents prize open country and sky.  

That includes Thornock, the fifth-generation ranching family member told a packed room of Uinta County residents, many of whom are wary of becoming the next front in Wyoming’s data center boom.  

“Our family ranches here, and my great-great-grandmother homesteaded here down Bear River back in 1869,” Thornock said. “I started the company because I saw two things that were wrong with the data center industry. 

"They’re using way too much power for the amount of compute that they’re getting out and they’re using way too much water for cooling.”

Thornock said he started his company in 2020 with the idea of first innovating water cooling systems and doing things in a more sustainable way and second improving the economy of his home state.

Wyoming has struggled with outmigration of its youth, losing most of them by age 30 to other states. 

It’s a dynamic Thornock, as an Evanston graduate, said he's all too familiar with. He knows plenty of his Wyoming classmates who wanted to stay in Wyoming, but couldn’t find high enough paying jobs to support a family.

His thought was that data centers could be part of a new story that changes that dynamic.

That’s one of the reasons he settled on a “bring-your-own-power” approach. Because of severance taxes paid on every molecule of natural gas used, that would be the best way, he figured, to support the state.

“Instead of exporting all of this economic value from the gas that’s produced here in Wyoming like we’ve always done, the point is to consume that here, do the compute here, have the property taxes from these facilities here to support our tax base, to support our schools, and all the other county services,” he said. “That’s my reason for doing this project.”

Thornock’s data center would be built on family-owned ranch land near the Silver Eagle refinery.

This, he added, is not a case where some billionaire from far away is coming to buy up Wyoming land. This is a born-and-raised Wyomingite, wanting to make a difference for his home town.

Prometheus Hyperscale has faced a rising tide of opposition against data centers amid broader concerns gripping the state, following a surge of as many as 70 data centers headed for Cheyenne. 

The meeting Tuesday was informational to answer questions from Uinta County residents about the company’s plans — and they had plenty.

It wasn’t just the usual gamut of water and power use issues. 

People wanted to know who the tenants were, who would be minding the man camps and policing any crimes, whether public officials have signed any non-disclosure agreements, and whether there are any federal, state, or local subsidies, tax abatements, or special utility deals. 

As far as tenants, Thornock said he’s not able to reveal the tenants just yet because they’re not yet ready to go public.

However, he would say that he’s signed a binding agreement with a tenant that restricts future owners of the facility.

“It will not be sold to certain types of entities,” Thornock said. “And there are at least five Chinese names on that list.”

Thornock revealed that he’d gone through a full-blown process early on to bring in a tenant, and ultimately had to reject the contract when he learned that the tenant would have been Chinese-owned ByteDance. 

“So we’ve waited two more years to get to someone we think is the right person to have in this county,” he said. 

 ties to the World Economic Forum, as well as his ties to Blackrock, his involvement in environmental, social, governance (ESG) measures during his tenure as CEO of BP.

Thornock had to say, more than once, that he hasn’t requested any abatements, nor is he accepting any government funding. Looney, he explained, made a better CEO than himself for the sake of name recognition.

“No one knows who Trenton Thornock is on Wall Street,” he said. “They don’t care who I am. The CEO of the company, Bernard Looney, everyone knows him. Jamie Dimon knows him. The head of Blackrock knows him. He’s the reason we had a CEO change, to go raise the money for private markets.”

All of the equity, all of the debt, will be raised from private investors using a bond offering that will be managed by Morgan Stanley.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Not Remote Jobs"}]

Uinta County Commissioner Mark Anderson told Thornock and his team that he’d been engaging with local residents for the past two weeks, and that he had a long list of questions from them. 

Chief among them was whether the 200 long-term jobs the data center projects it will have once operational will be actual jobs for people residing in Uinta County.

“Or will these be jobs created for somebody to sit and operate remotely?” Anderson asked.

The jobs will not be remote, Anderson was told, and the company is taking extra steps to try and hire as many people locally as possible.

“The way we’re going to do it here is that we’re first going to post all these jobs locally so that we can pull all the talent that’s here or people who are interested in getting a job there,” Thornock said. “And I can tell you what the wages are, because they’re kind of the same across the industry. 

Fifth-generation Wyoming rancher Trenton Thornock pitched a huge 1.2 gigawatt data center on family land to a skeptical Evanston crowd on Tuesday. The project is facing a rising tide of opposition against data centers locally and across Wyoming.

Daily Cartoon: Monday, December 25, 2023

Michael P. Ramirez

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