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[{"type":"text","text":"Five staples of growing up in the midwest....."}]

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>You Still Here? Saturday, January 25, 2025 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Five staples of growing up in the midwest.....

You Still Here? Saturday, January 25, 2025

 Five staples of growing up in the midwest.....

Heinz mark

Mark Heinz

Wildlife

A Yellowstone bull bison with a gigantic abscess on its right rear quarter probably isn’t suffering much pain and will likely survive, one of the county’s top bison ranchers says.

But the recovery process is going to be good, said Ken Klemm, past president and a lifelong member of the National Bison Association.

After seeing a photo of the bison, taken early Wednesday in Yellowstone National Park’s Lamar Valley, Klemm said a gushing rupture of the abscess is imminent.

“It looks like a 5-gallon bucketful of stuff will come out of that one,” Klemm, who has managed some of the world’s largest bison ranches, told Cowboy State Daily.

The abscess probably formed around a wound, he said.

The bison rut, or mating season, is on in Yellowstone. The bull might have suffered a puncture during a fight with another bull, Klemm said.

Lauri Foster lives just outside of New York City and loves coming to Wyoming to visit Yellowstone and Grand Teton national parks.

Early Wednesday, she was on a wildlife-viewing drive through the Lamar Valley when she spotted the bull sporting a huge, bulbous mass near its backside.

Foster works with horses and is familiar with injuries to large animals, so she knew what she saw on the bison must be something serious.

“I thought it had to be a hematoma or an abscess,” she told Cowboy State Daily.

Foster couldn’t see any visible cuts or sores that might indicate exactly where it was wounded, she said.

To keep safe, Foster stayed in her vehicle to photograph that bull and other bison.

The bulls were raising a ruckus as they competed for mating rights.

“They were headbutting each other and chasing each other down,” Foster said.

The bull with the abscess was taking a break, though she surmised he had probably been recently wounded in a fight.

She added that despite how hideous that abscess looked, the bull didn’t seem sick or weak.

“He was walking along normally,” she said.

The rut has made bull bison extra agitated lately. In the most dramatic incident, a bison flipped and seriously injured Washington state resident Carl Isom-McDaniel, 65, in July.

Foster said at one point the bull walked up the middle of the road and stopped directly in front of her vehicle, giving her the stink-eye.

“I was thinking, ‘this is a little intimidating,’” she said.

Bull elk are known for getting into epic battles once their rut starts, usually in September.

Bison take it to another level, Klemm said.

“They’re worse than elk. If the loser doesn’t get away, the other bull will kill him,” he said.

The National Park Service has a general policy of letting nature take its course with animals’ injuries.

Klemm said the bull with the super-sized abscess has a good chance of making it.

“The infection is just raging in there,” he said. "The immune system is keeping that bison from dying, just from walking around with that much infectious material in its body.

“I suspect it will burst fairly soon and he’ll get over it. Bison have unbelievably good immune systems for things like this.” 

Bison abcess 8 6 26

<title>Bison Rancher: Yellowstone Bull With Gigantic Abscess Will Be OK Once It Gushes | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A massive abscess on a Yellowstone bull bison’s right rear quarter likely is the result of an infected wound from a rut battle. When it ruptures, “a 5-gallon bucketful of stuff” will gush out, a top bison rancher says, adding the bison should be fine.

Bison Rancher: Yellowstone Bull With Gigantic Abscess Will Be OK Once It Gushes

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Around Wyoming

Wyoming is among 27 states reporting illnesses from a recent salmonella outbreak linked to imported jalapeño peppers.

While federal health officials say there is no ongoing risk to customers who eat at Chipotle or QDOBA chain Mexican restaurants, a Wyoming health official says the outbreaks are a reminder of the tradeoffs that come with the modern food system.

"I think it is part of the cost of doing business for our industrialized society," Park County Health Officer Aaron Billin told Cowboy State Daily. "We get our foods in bulk. 

"One hundred years ago, people had small farms, grew a little bit of everything, but now people specialize just in jalapeños and sell on a massive scale. And if that food supply gets contaminated, that's a problem."

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention announced Wednesday that 345 people have been sickened by the outbreak strain of 

. Thirty-six have been hospitalized, but no deaths have been reported.

The FDA's public case map places Wyoming in a category with five or six reported illnesses.

Chipotle and QDOBA have removed their affected products.

Although the last known illnesses began in July, the outbreak is only now drawing widespread attention after federal investigators completed weeks of patient interviews and supply-chain tracing that identified a common grower in Sinaloa, Mexico, as the likely source.

The salmonella outbreak comes as Wyoming continues to monitor another foodborne illness investigation.

 of Cyclospora, a microscopic parasite that causes prolonged watery diarrhea, stomach cramps and fatigue.

State health officials said five of those cases were associated with international travel while one remained under investigation.

Billin said foodborne outbreaks are an unfortunate reality of an interconnected food system.

"We trust that our food, either bought at the supermarket or bought at a restaurant, is safe," he said. "But we have these outbreaks every once in a while."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Tracing The Source"}]

According to the FDA, 177 of 191 people interviewed — about 93% — reported eating at a Mexican-style restaurant before becoming sick. Those restaurants included Chipotle Mexican Grill and QDOBA.

[{"type":"text","text":"Billin said outbreaks like this happen."}]

"Across the United States, we have probably half a dozen salmonella outbreaks every year," he said, noting previous outbreaks have been linked to eggs, backyard poultry, produce, pet reptiles and commercial food supplements.

While Wyoming has reported about six illnesses in the current outbreak, he said none are believed to have resulted in hospitalization.

Billin said contaminated produce can originate from several sources, including infected workers handling food after using the restroom, contaminated irrigation water or contaminated wash water used during processing.

"The more they wash it, the more contaminated it becomes," he said of the latter scenario. 

Because produce today is grown and distributed on such a large scale, a single contamination event can quickly spread across the country, he added.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Restaurants Responded"}]

After learning of the outbreak, Chipotle and QDOBA removed the affected jalapeño peppers from their restaurants.

Chipotle said its ingredient traceability system allowed it to quickly identify peppers from the affected grower and replace them with jalapeños from different suppliers.

"The health and safety of our guests and employees is our highest priority," the company said in a statement. "The recalled jalapeño peppers are no longer in Chipotle restaurants. Given these actions, the CDC and FDA have said they do not consider there to be a current ongoing risk from Chipotle restaurants in this outbreak."

The FDA said QDOBA also stopped serving the affected jalapeños July 28, and Coast Citrus Distributors has agreed to recall the remaining peppers linked to the outbreak.

Wyoming has two Chipotle restaurants — in Casper and Cheyenne — and seven QDOBA locations.

Multiple attempts to reach a manager at a Wyoming Chipotle on Thursday were unsuccessful. Calls were answered by an automated AI phone assistant that directed Cowboy State Daily to the company's website.

[{"type":"text","text":"A Casper QDOBA employee also declined to comment."}]

"Unfortunately, I am not allowed to comment," the employee said. "I was told to tell anyone asking about that to go to our website."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"One Diner's Experience"}]

Although federal officials say the affected product has been removed from restaurants, one Montana woman said she became violently ill after eating at a Chipotle location this week.

Nicole Lubick of Butte, Montana, told Cowboy State Daily she ordered vegetable fajitas with fresh tomato salsa on Aug. 4.

"I went home and ate, and honestly it didn't taste right," Lubick said. "It seemed like there was a lot of fat or something on the meat. It just didn't seem that great or fresh. But stupid me, I kept eating it."

[{"type":"text","text":"She said she woke around 2 a.m. sweating before becoming violently ill."}]

"I went to the bathroom, and sure enough, I started projectile vomiting," she said. "I probably vomited for two hours."

"I have never been so sick in my life," she added. "My gut says food poisoning."

Lubick said she had long considered Chipotle one of the healthier fast-food options and frequently ate there.

"I'm definitely going to rethink my eating habits and try to eat at home and eat locally grown food," she said.

Lubick said she reported her illness to her local health department and submitted a report through Chipotle's website.

There is no indication her illness has been linked to the salmonella outbreak, but Billin said her experience reflects why even isolated reports of foodborne illness can shake public confidence in a food system that depends on products being grown, shipped and served on a massive scale.

Chipotle jalapenos 8 6 26

<title>More Explosive Diarrhea: Wyoming Hit By Salmonella From Mexican Jalapeños | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming is among 27 states that were hit by a recent salmonella outbreak traced to jalapeños served at chain Mexican restaurants. It’s just “the cost of doing business” anymore in today’s modern food system, said a Park County health officer.

More Explosive Diarrhea: Wyoming Hit By Salmonella From Mexican Jalapeños

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's business and tourism reporter, Renée Jean

Renée Jean

Energy

Wyoming’s first nickel sulfide discovery

 in the Granite Mountains north of Jeffrey City in 2024. This year, it’s moving into a decisive drilling phase as it tries to turn that find in the under-explored greenstone belt into Wyoming’s first and only nickel mine, producing a metal the federal government has designated as critical.

“We’ve identified some nickel targets, and we’re going to be drilling them this year,” Visionary Metals CEO Wes Adams told Cowboy State Daily. “We’ve used a lot of scientific methods to help reduce the amount of areas we have to explore.”

, scanning the earth’s crust from the air down to roughly 3,300 feet below the surface. It might sound like something out of a Star Trek movie, but it isn’t science fiction anymore. 

The technique uses subtle changes in Earth’s magnetic field to point the way to where valuable metals and minerals might be hiding. 

“That helped narrow down areas for exploration,” Adams said. “And then in areas where we do see targets, we follow up with ground surveys, which tell us exactly where these critical metal deposits might exist.”

After that, it’s drilling time — to test the areas with as little environmental impact as possible and further hone in on whether Wyoming has a nickel mine.

“It’s not like oil and gas drilling, where you have these giant pads and giant rigs,” Adams said. “We’re just drilling a 3-inch hole in the ground, to get a representative sample of what’s down there.”

That will ultimately determine how big the resource opportunity is, and whether it’s economically feasible to develop today in the future as technology matures.

Visionary’s core Wyoming focus is an Archean greenstone belt, a blend of ancient volcanic and sedimentary rock that often hosts gold and nickel, in the Granite Mountains. There’s a potential for multiple discoveries across a belt that’s 62 miles long and 25 miles wide. 

Any future mine would still go through permitting and environmental review. Leading up to that, the company has leveraged technology to keep its environmental footprint as small as possible. 

“The (aeromagnetic survey) was a great tool because it allowed us to cover a lot of ground without much impact,” Adams said. “We don’t need boots on the ground to conduct airborne surveys, so that gives us a lot of really good data we can use.”

Three-dimensional modeling was used to further refine what might be where, helping to reduce disturbance to the ground. 

“It also makes things more efficient from a cost perspective,” Adams said. “And it gives you a higher chance of having success … instead of if you were to drill, like when you were doing mineral exploration in the 1950s, '60s or even '70s.”

The approach in that timeframe involved spotting minerals on the surface as a primary indicator, then digging to see if there were more. 

“With modern technologies we can use all the data we can collect with a helicopter, with satellite surveys, with geologic mapping that’s been done over the years, with soil sampling, to figure out where the highest potential areas are,” Adams said. “And once we’ve narrowed those down, you can go out and use some geophysical ground surveys — magnetic surveys — that help you model the conductive metals in the ground before you even have to drill-test them.”

That way, once a company starts drilling tests, it’s more about determining the specific grade of metals rather than where the deposits are. 

“So now we’ve defined a few key target areas and we’re going to be testing the kind of mineralization that exists at our Tin Cup project and our King Solomon project,” Adams said. “So this is really an exciting year for us.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Deep Wyoming Roots"}]

Although Visionary is listed on the Toronto Stock Exchange and maintains its headquarters in Vancouver, British Columbia, Adams grew up in the Rocky Mountain Region and frequented the Rawlins area when he was growing up. He now lives in Lander and maintains a working office there. 

“My family’s been in mining for three generations, so I’ve always been around it,” he said. “My dad actually grew up in Rawlins, and my grandfather was Rawlins-based as well. We’ve been involved in Wyoming since the 1930s, starting with dairy farming in Rawlins.”

The family eventually became involved in uranium exploration in the area and has remained connected to Wyoming ever since. 

“I live in Lander, and we love it up here,” Adams said. “It’s a great place to be exploring for things. Outside of Wyoming, I don’t think people realize that every kid has the opportunity to go to college here because of royalties that are generated by the mining industry and primarily, right now, that’s coal.”

One day, Adams hopes those royalties will include a contribution from the nickel he finds. 

“We’re at an early stage right now, but if there’s a possible development scenario that would benefit the Office of State Lands and Investments, that money goes directly into the Wyoming school system,” he said.

Adams would also love to see a resurgence of economic health in Jeffrey City. 

“It’s one of the reasons why it’s important to diversify and find new things,” Adams said. “And that’s kind of what we’ve set out to do here, is find new things that we can mine that are going to be important for not only green-energy technologies but just for future generations. It’s exciting to be able to define new opportunities like this that could be important in the long-term for the state, especially in Fremont County, where we’ve seen kind of an uptick in unemployment … things have been a little stagnant.”

To help it with this new phase of exploration, Visionary Metals has inked a deal with Canada's Teck Resources, the fifth largest copper miner in the world.

“They have mines all over the world and they bring a lot of technical expertise, a lot of mine development and exploration expertise,” Adams said. “They have a great team of geologists and geophysicists.”

Teck Resources is both an equity investor and a technical partner, according to Visionary Metals’ website. It has invested around $3 million in the partnership for exploration work at Visionary’s King Solomon and Tin Cup projects, which will fund testing for multiple high-potential sites starting in 2026.

“Success in this year’s drilling would accelerate the projects toward resource definition and support our goal of establishing Wyoming as an emerging nickel and copper district in North America,” Adams said in a video about the partnership. 

The areas identified for testing have already shown high conductivity. While not a guarantee, it is an indicator of potentially economic levels of mineralization, and the geology is similar to other sites in the world where high concentrations of nickel are found.

Teck has taken a 9.9% equity stake in the company, buying 17.4 million common shares of Visionary at roughly 7 cents per share. It has also committed to non-dilutive funding for geophysics and drilling on top of the equity stake, extending partnership through 2028. 

Teck retains the right to lead Visionary’s next equity financing, potentially deepening its stake in the company to nearly 20%. Under the broader alliance, Teck also has an optional path to earn up to 70% ownership in designated properties through a joint venture. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Tomorrow’s Ore Today"}]

Adams is careful to temper expectations. At this stage, the company doesn’t know how big the nickel deposits are. Indications remain promising, but it could turn out that the deposit is not yet economically feasible to mine. 

As technology improves, those deposits could become economically viable, though. Knowing about them and how big they are is key, he said, to knowing when the trigger can be pulled for development of a location.

That’s a trend that’s already played out in Wyoming’s favor in other areas of the state, he added.

“That’s what we’ve kind of seen with the U.S. Gold Corp project that’s outside of Cheyenne,” Adams said. “That was originally discovered in like the 1900s. And then a lot of the (recent) development work that went into it was conducted by Strathmore, which was run by one of our directors, Mr. David Miller.”

The CK Gold Project 20 miles west of Cheyenne has all its permits 

 with a gold and copper reserve that’s larger than initially anticipated, right at a time when gold and copper prices are performing well. 

New technology helped make that project economically viable, in addition to the favorable price of gold — a trend that’s been seen in other areas of the state as well, such as the 

“Sometimes it takes time,” Adams said. “That’s just kind of the way that mineral exploration works, and it’s one of the reasons why it’s a good thing to do right. If you know where these deposits are, even if they don’t get developed right away, they can pay dividends down the road not just for companies but for the state of Wyoming and the people who are trying to find work here.”

If the drill bit confirms what models so far suggest — high-grade nickel sulfide and copper at economically feasible depths — Wyoming’s first nickel discovery in 2024 could go down as the beginning of a new U.S. critical minerals district. 

Nickel is used in a variety of energy-storage technologies and infrastructure, as well as high-grade stainless steel and super alloys useful for military hardware. The U.S. has been relying heavily on foreign imports from Indonesia and the Philippines, putting the nation’s domestic supply at risk to geopolitical unrest and export restrictions.

Success in this area will position Wyoming to help the nation advance in one more area of independence. 

But even if it doesn’t pan out today, the datasets being generated in the Granite Mountains will still enrich Wyoming’s geological map, keeping the door open to future explorers in an era when secure, domestic supplies of critical metals have become increasingly important.

Visionary Metals and Jeffrey City 8 6 26

<title>Wyoming’s First Nickel Discovery Heads Into High-Tech, High-Stakes Drilling Phase | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Armed with new technology and a major mining partner, Visionary Metals is ready to probe just how big — and how valuable — a nickel discovery at Jeffrey City is. If realized, it will be a first of its kind in the Western U.S. since the 1940s.

Wyoming’s First Nickel Discovery Heads Into High-Tech, High-Stakes Drilling Phase

Lubnau head 2

Tom Lubnau

Opinion

CSD Columnists

Last week, I commented on the ABC ("Anyone But Chuck") approach to campaigning for U.S. Congress. I said Steve Friess's argument is "hold your nose and vote for me." That phrase was, perhaps, a little inflammatory.

Let me clarify.  What I meant was that if you stay wedded to your particular candidate, the vote will be spread out, and we will elect a U.S. Representative who receives less than 20% of the vote — likely Chuck Gray.

Chuck Gray's approach to politics is akin to a yapping Chihuahua, making lots of noise and getting headlines, but getting little done. 

Most concerning is Gray dumping all of Wyoming voters’ election data to an agency of the federal government whose use is unrestricted.  Being the first state to turn over the data is not a feather in our state’s cap, when 19 courts have ruled that the data does not have to be disclosed to the bureaucrats.  No court has ruled it has to be turned over.

Our privacy was sacrificed when it did not have to be.

We should be voting for a good candidate, not running away from a weak one.

I had a personal favorite, but things changed when many of my friends endorsed Steve Friess for U.S. House last week.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"So I arranged a conversation with Friess."}]

After that conversation, a lot of the misconceptions I had are gone.

First, he's not a billionaire. Steve can afford to live comfortably, but his candidate disclosures show he's worth $25 million. That's a lot of money, but he's not a billionaire by any stretch of the imagination. 

His father gave away $500 million to charity during his lifetime and believed his children should know the value of a dollar. 

He drives a 2020 Yukon to his campaign events. He ranches cattle, knows how to run a backhoe, and knows how to get his hands dirty.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"He raised four kids in Wyoming."}]

Understanding the need to build a future for your children is a skill only parenthood brings. Steve cares about Wyoming and its future. 

He could have chosen anywhere in the world to live. He chose Wyoming. 

I was pretty direct in my questioning of him. I told him what I heard was that he had ideas of his own and didn't much care what my friends and neighbors thought. 

Steve was genuinely hurt by that statement. He told me he wants nothing more than to listen to the people of Wyoming and represent them to the best of his ability. I believe him. 

We chatted about some pretty heavy issues. 

He was engaging, showed curiosity, and asked what I thought. And then he did something special: he listened. He asked insightful questions. And when he didn't know the answer to one of my questions, he told me the truth — that he'd have to think about it.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"The interaction was refreshing. "}]

That said, there are a few other candidates in the race who would serve well. People I know and like, who would make a great U.S. Representative.

So why, at this late date, am I endorsing Steve Friess? 

Wyoming has one representative in Congress — one out of 435. To make an impact as the lone representative from Wyoming, you have to punch above your weight. 

Friess, through his work with his father and others, has a lifetime of connections, friendships, and acquaintances that will open doors for him that rookie representatives spend years trying to crack. 

I don't think Wyoming has time for on-the-job training in Congress. We need someone who will hit the ground running. 

Friess has known Energy Secretary Chris Wright for many years, has had a number of conversations with Secretary of the Interior Doug Burgum, and met briefly with EPA Administrator Lee Zeldin.

His contact list — I almost dated myself by writing "rolodex" — is a who's who of congressional leaders. He's almost embarrassed to mention all the names he knows, but I asked. 

I came away from the conversation confident that Steve Friess is the person for the job. Not because he's the one with the best chance to beat Chuck Gray, but because he's the one who will do the best job representing my family in Congress. 

I make this endorsement knowing there are other great candidates in the race — some of them friends — but at this time and in this place, Steve Friess deserves your serious consideration.

Tom Lubnau served in the Wyoming Legislature from 2004 to 2015 and is a former Speaker of the House. He can be reached at: 

<title>Tom Lubnau: Why You Should Consider Steve Friess For U.S. House | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Columnist Tom Lubnau writes, "Chuck Gray's approach to politics is akin to a yapping Chihuahua, making lots of noise and getting headlines, but getting little done.  Most concerning is Gray dumping all of Wyoming voters’ election data to an agency of the federal government whose use is unrestricted."

Tom Lubnau: Why You Should Consider Steve Friess For U.S. House

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Government & Politics

Politics

 SHERIDAN — Secretary of State Chuck Gray bashed data centers repeatedly and clashed with the moderator 

during a U.S. House forum and debate Tuesday night in Sheridan, 

Casper businessman Reid Rasner criticized Gray multiple times. Both philanthropist Steve Friess and Army Col. Kevin Christensen asserted that they’re leading the race with Gray.   

And a few candidates derided the significant wealth streaming into this race.

Wyoming Public Television (PBS) hosted the forum at Sheridan Community College. Both PBS and Wyoming Public Media streamed it.

PBS public affairs producer Steve Peck moderated the forum, which also featured a short debate phase. He warned candidates they should be civil and avoid prolonged challenges or pointed attacks on their opponents, or they’d be interrupted.

Cowboy State Daily and Wyoming Public Media panelists asked questions about whether Congress should legislate rules around license-plate reader cameras, and who is responsible for implementing artificial intelligence protection framework.

Gray answered both questions with repeated references to data centers, which are computer server warehouses that store data – including for AI – and are a flashpoint issue this election cycle.

“Well, I’m the only candidate on stage that has been talking about these data AI data centers and expressed my opposition to these AI data centers,” said Gray, who also referenced mandated kill switches in vehicles and automated workforces.

Other candidates have spoken of data centers, but only Gray has indicated a desire to ban them at the federal level from Washington, D.C.

Senate President Bo Biteman said the states shouldn’t be cut out of the ability to ban or approve data centers, and communities should have the most control over their local permitting decisions for them.

That has been Friess’s stance, and former U.S. Army ranger David Giralt echoed that approach Tuesday night also.

Rasner agreed with the local-control stance Tuesday night, and used the topic as a chance to deride Gray.

“And I find it very suspicious even our own secretary of state signed off on an AI data center less than 1 mile away from our nuclear facilities and (FE) Warren Air Force base,” said Rasner.

Gray interjected: “That’s false. That’s false.”

Secretary of State Chuck Gray brought up data centers repeatedly and clashed with the moderator during a U.S. House forum Tuesday night in Sheridan. Reid Rasner criticized Gray, while multiple candidates claimed to be leading the race.

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