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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Bonus Video 2: Thursday, September 5, 2024 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Bonus Video 2: Thursday, September 5, 2024

 If you gotta get pulled over by a cop while driving your homemade jet ski with wheels invention that uses an anchor for brakes, you want this guy....

Heinz mark

Mark Heinz

Wildlife

Colorado Parks and Wildlife is trying to determine why a black bear attacked a woman Sunday on a popular hiking trail, and then followed her for 30 minutes despite her shouting and throwing rocks at it.

“We don’t know for sure, because we haven’t found the bear,” Kara Van Hoose, CPW's northeast region spokeswoman, told Cowboy State Daily on Wednesday.

The bear was thought to be a “yearling, or young adult,” she added.

Predatory attacks, in which a bear is deliberately stalking a person as prey, are extremely rare in both black bears and grizzlies.

Most bear attacks are defensive or territorial.

The consensus among bear biologists is that while grizzlies are more likely to attack humans, black bears are more likely to attack in a purely predatory manner.

While the bear’s behavior was alarming, CPW doesn’t think it was predatory, Van Hoose said.

“It makes us think more likely a food-conditioned bear, not a predatory black bear,” she said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Bear Wouldn’t Give Up"}]

The woman, who CPW did not identify, told wildlife agents that she was attacked from behind and suffered scratches on one leg at about 5:20 p.m.

She was on the Enchanted Forest trail in the 700-acre Apex Park near Golden in Jefferson County. CPW shut down the park after the reported attack.

The woman told investigators the bear continued to follow her despite her repeated attempts to intimidate and haze it by making herself look big, shouting, and throwing rocks and sticks.

Toward the end of the encounter, the woman was joined by two hikers who responded to her calls for help. Even with all three people shouting at it, the bear was undeterred, CPW reported.

Eventually, the bear turned down another trail, where it reportedly started following other hikers, according to CPW.

The woman is an avid hiker who has had previous bear encounters, and acted appropriately by trying to intimidate and haze the bear, Van Hoose said.

The woman gave CPW a short cellphone video she took during the encounter, which helped the agency identify the bear as relatively small and probably young, Van Hoose said.

CPW isn’t at liberty to share the video with Cowboy State Daily, she said.  

 reported the woman reached out and shared the video and details of the encounter but declined to be named in their report.

The woman told Denver 7 the bear was “circling” her.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Problems Human-Caused"}]

British Columbia bear researcher Lana Ciarniello told Cowboy State Daily she couldn’t comment on the specifics of the Colorado attack, but affirmed that predatory behavior is extremely rare in both black bears and grizzlies.

Most human-bear conflict is rooted in human mistakes, such as deliberately feeding bears or allowing them access to garbage or other food sources, she said.

People who recreate in bear territory should “take training courses” on avoiding close encounters, and what to do if one occurs.

And “carry bear spray,” Ciarniello said.

Van Hoose said it wasn’t known for certain whether the woman attacked in Colorado was carrying bear spray.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Time To Fight Back"}]

Ciarniello noted that a video tutorial, “Staying Safe in Bear Country”, was made years ago by the International Bear Association (IBA) but remains a “gold standard” bear-safety training tool.

In one segment, the difference is noted between defensive actions by bears versus deliberate approaches.

Bears that deliberately approach people might be driven by curiosity or food conditioning, according to IBA. In rare instances, bears see people as prey.

A predatory bear will move in “with its head up and ears erect, its approach is confident and persistent,” according to IBA.

If a predatory bear makes contact, it’s time to fight back because “you’re fighting for your life,” IBA states.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What Happens To The Bear?"}]

It’s not certain what will happen to the bear once CPW finds it, Van Hoose said.

More information is needed before it can be determined whether it will be euthanized, or if other action is needed, she said.

Agents need to determine if it has persisted in following people or displayed other aggressive behavior, and whether it might be malnourished or suffering from disease, Van Hoose said.

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<title>Colorado Wildlife Officials Uncertain Why Black Bear Attacked, Followed Woman | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Colorado wildlife agents are trying to determine why a black bear attacked a woman on a hiking trail in Denver and then followed her for 30 minutes despite her shouting and throwing rocks at it. The woman who took video of the encounter said it was "circling her."

Colorado Wildlife Officials Uncertain Why Black Bear Attacked, Followed Woman

Employee kate meadows cropped

Kate Meadows

Around Wyoming

A dispute over primitive outhouses on Amish-owned property in Crook County has prompted claims that some families are leaving northeast Wyoming’s oldest Amish community, though county officials say the issue has been resolved and was never intended to drive anyone away.

Sheridan rancher Pepper Fipps said he believes county enforcement efforts over wastewater disposal in the Hulett area have discouraged Amish families from remaining in the community.

“They wind up starting a little bit of a war,” Fipps said of the commissioners. “The community is dwindling.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Crook County Commission vice chairman Bob Latham disputes that."}]

“It’s all settled now. Everything is fixed,” Latham told Cowboy State Daily.

An estate moving sale earlier this month was held for two Amish families — Abe and Elizabeth Yoder and Rudy and Irene Borntreger. Records show Abe Yoder was among the landowners involved in the wastewater dispute.

About 40 Amish families live in the Hulett area, Fipps said. Founded in 2011, the Hulett Amish settlement is one of five in Wyoming.

Cowboy State Daily attempted to contact the families but did not receive responses before publication. Amish communities have traditionally relied on the U.S. mail for communication, and many members do not use cell phones or email.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Sanitation Concerns"}]

The issue surfaced in October 2024, when Crook County officials learned some Amish landowners west of Hulett had dug pits to use as toilets without obtaining permits.

Crook County wastewater specialist Caleb Peters informed commissioners that Yoder had installed outhouses that did not comply with county regulations, according to reporting by the Sundance Times.

Latham said a hole in the ground used to collect human waste is considered an illegal outhouse because it poses a risk to groundwater.

Commissioners scheduled a hearing in January 2025, expecting Yoder to attend and discuss the matter, but he did not appear, according to the Times.

Peters and county planning director Tim Lyons determined conditions at some properties presented health concerns after observing graywater and blackwater drainage. The Times reported Peters found a chicken with its head inside blackwater drainage at one residence, along with what he described as an odor of rot. At another property, he reportedly discovered an abandoned outhouse occupied by animals.

Latham said county code requires human-waste receptacles to be portable, pumpable or connected to a septic system.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"No Fines Levied"}]

Fipps contends county officials threatened landowners with fines of up to $30,000 per day if they failed to comply with regulations.

He called the county’s rule about illegal outhouses “asinine, stupid."

“It is baffling to me because I haven’t ever seen an outhouse blow up,” he said, noting Amish families typically live on 160-acre parcels well away from town.

[{"type":"text","text":"Latham said fines were never a part of the county’s solution."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"“To my knowledge, we never imposed fines,” he said."}]

Due to the challenge of communicating with Amish residents, County Attorney Joe Baron mailed letters to the landowners, Latham said. Peters also visited properties in person several times, he added.

“Some didn't want to talk to him,” Latham said. “Some did and were very cordial. The ones who didn't found out we're not going to quit, because it's about health and safety. It's something we take very seriously.”

After being notified of the violations, some landowners installed vault toilets that comply with county requirements, he said.

He credited Peters’ persistence with resolving the issue. 

“Caleb did a heck of a job of staying on it and getting things corrected,” Latham said. “Sometimes they feel like they can follow a different path. It was a lot of education and a lot of back-and-forth.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Government Overreach Or Public Health?"}]

Fipps said he believes the county's response amounted to government overreach.

Latham disagrees, saying Crook County is obligated to enforce regulations consistent with standards established by the Wyoming Department of Environmental Quality.

“Every time we have to knuckle down and say, 'This isn't right', we hear that,” he said. “We could have been a lot meaner about it. It was mainly getting an understanding of what the laws are.

[{"type":"text","text":"“Our biggest thing with that deal is their health and safety.” "}]

According to the Young Center at Elizabethtown College, Crook County is home to Wyoming's largest Amish settlement. The state's Amish population numbers roughly 500 people spread among five settlements.

[{"type":"text","text":"Smaller settlements have since formed near Newcastle, Buffalo and Powell."}]

“I've known them my whole life,” Fipps said of the Hulett settlement. “I've traded horses with them and done business with them.”

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<title>Rancher Claims Outhouse Dispute The Reason Amish Community Leaving Hulett | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A Sheridan rancher says an "asinine, stupid" outhouse crackdown is pushing Amish families out of the Hulett area. He said landowners were threatened with fines of up to $30,000 per day if they failed to comply with outhouse regulations.

Rancher Claims Outhouse Dispute The Reason Amish Community Leaving Hulett

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Courts

A Casper teen accused of attacking his mother led police to a hidden cache of stolen firearms tucked behind a secret wall in his bedroom. 

Honor Jason Wickert, 17, appeared Tuesday afternoon in Natrona County Circuit Court, where he was formally charged with four felonies and several misdemeanors, including interference, domestic battery, carrying a concealed weapon, and being a minor in possession of tobacco products. 

Natrona County District Attorney Dan Itzen confirmed Wednesday morning that prosecutors are charging Wickert as an adult.

Court documents paint a picture of a family dispute that escalated into a foot chase through Casper neighborhoods and ended with police uncovering several stolen firearms, credit cards, and more. 

The four felony theft charges alone carry a combined maximum penalty of 40 years in prison if served consecutively. Additional jail time could be imposed for the misdemeanor charges.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Family Fracture"}]

According to an affidavit, police were called June 20 after Wickert's mother reported her son had assaulted her during an argument over a cellphone.

She told investigators she was increasingly concerned about what Wickert was hiding inside his locked bedroom.

Days earlier, she forced her way into the room and found vape pens and what she believed could be a credit-card skimming or cloning device, according to court records.

Afterward, Wickert reportedly installed a new locking knob on the bedroom door.

The situation boiled over June 20 when the woman attempted to take his cellphone, says the affidavit submitted by Casper Police Officer Colton Lewis. 

The woman told investigators Wickert pushed her to the ground, pinned her with a knee to her back and caused injuries to her face, elbow and back. 

Officers documented bruising and redness consistent with her account, the affidavit states.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Backyard Sprint"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Wickert called the police himself."}]

According to court records, he reported that his mother was accusing him of stealing her belongings and kicking doors inside the home.

[{"type":"text","text":"Officers instructed him to wait for law enforcement."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Instead, he took off running."}]

Police allege Wickert fled through multiple backyards near South Forest Drive and Seminole Street, tossing two backpacks as officers searched for him.

One backpack contained a Springfield Armory 9mm handgun later confirmed stolen, along with ammunition, vape devices, gloves and a flashlight.

Another contained a wallet holding multiple bank and credit cards belonging to other people.

[{"type":"text","text":"Among the items recovered was a handwritten note that read:"}]

"Hi my sweet boy," the note read. "I don't know if you're gonna go to jail, but I want you to know that I will wait for you."

[{"type":"text","text":"Officers eventually took Wickert into custody. "}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Hidden Arsenal"}]

With his mother's consent, investigators later searched Wickert's bedroom.

According to the affidavit, officers noticed an access panel in a wall that appeared unusual because several screws were missing.

After removing the panel, they discovered a pillowcase wrapped around a pipe inside the wall cavity.

Inside, police found four handguns, loaded magazines and ammunition, Lewis wrote. 

Investigators identified the firearms as two Ruger LCP pistols, a Springfield Hellcat Pro pistol and a Glock 43.

Three of the firearms were confirmed to have been stolen. Investigators said the Glock was believed to have been stolen as well.

During Tuesday's hearing before Judge Nichole Collier, bond was set at $50,000 cash or surety.

[{"type":"text","text":"Wickert remains in custody at the Natrona County Detention Center."}]

His case is pending in Natrona County Circuit Court. He is expected to next appear for a preliminary hearing within about 10 days. 

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<title>Casper Teen Charged As Adult After Fight With Mom Leads To Cache Of Stolen Guns | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A Casper teen accused of attacking his mother led police to a hidden cache of stolen firearms and credit cards tucked behind a secret wall in his bedroom. Honor Jason Wickert is being charged as an adult with four felonies and several misdemeanors.

Casper Teen Charged As Adult After Fight With Mom Leads To Cache Of Stolen Guns

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Fred Harrison

Opinion

CSD Columnists

Imagine you hire a manager to run your business. You hand them a detailed, written rulebook. But instead of following it, the manager decides they know what is best for your company. They start crossing out your rules, writing in their own, and running the business exactly how they see fit.

How long would that manager keep their job? You would fire them immediately.

Yet, as Wyoming voters, we tolerate this exact behavior from our state judiciary. We do our civic duty. We go to the ballot box. We elect representatives to go to Cheyenne and pass conservative laws that reflect our values—whether it is protecting life, securing our elections, or defending our constitutional rights.

But increasingly, after the votes are counted and the laws are passed, those laws are quietly erased. Not by the voters, and not by the legislature. They are vetoed by unelected lawyers wearing black robes.

How do they pull this off? They do it through a legal magic trick called the "balancing test."

Instead of reading the plain, black-and-white text of the Wyoming Constitution and our state statutes, courts import judge-made standards—terms like "strict scrutiny," "balance of equities," or "minimal burdens." These phrases appear nowhere in our laws. They are subjective scales, invented by judges over decades, that allow courts to weigh a democratically enacted law against their own personal sense of what is "reasonable."

When a judge decides a law fails their personal balancing test, they strike it down. The result is a total subversion of the separation of powers. The courts are no longer acting as neutral umpires calling balls and strikes; they are stealing the legislative pen and acting as politicians.

Our State Constitution was supposed to have a safety valve for this: the judicial retention election. But let’s be honest with ourselves. When you reach the bottom of your ballot and see the question, “Shall Judge X be retained in office?”, you are flying completely blind.

Unless a judge is caught in a scandalous headline, their actual courtroom record is a black box. The primary group telling you how to vote is the Wyoming State Bar, which releases an insider "Advisory Poll" rating judges on vague traits like "temperament." It is a rigged game where lawyers rate the very judges they have to appease the next morning. It tells the public absolutely nothing about whether a judge is actually following the law or rewriting it.

Because voters have no real information, they universally check "Yes" by default. A system designed to be a democratic check and balance has devolved into a rubber stamp for lifetime appointments.

We cannot fix a rigged game simply by hoping for better judges. We have to rewrite the rules of the game so that judicial activism becomes a literal violation of the law.

Transparency is the first step. We must strip the State Bar of its monopoly on judicial evaluations. Wyoming needs an independent, citizen-led Judicial Performance Commission that publishes a real public dashboard before every election. Voters need objective metrics: a judge’s reversal rate, their docket delays, and plain-English summaries of when they have used judge-made tests to strike down the legislature's work.

But transparency is not enough. We must permanently reclaim the voters' constitutional power by binding the judiciary to the plain text.

We cannot achieve this with a standard statute, because activist courts will simply strike it down. We need the Wyoming Legislature to put an "Interpretive Mandate" Constitutional Amendment on the next ballot. This amendment would serve as the ultimate Contract with Wyoming, completely changing the rules of engagement for the bench.

First, it would enact a strict Textualist Oath. Before anyone is handed a gavel, they must publicly swear to construe the Constitution and state laws strictly according to their plain, original text. They must explicitly vow not to substitute their own policy judgments or imported balancing tests for the written law. This acts as a foolproof litmus test: if a nominee refuses to swear to read the law as written, they disqualify themselves.

Second, the amendment must arm the legislature with a usable weapon to enforce that oath. Currently, the legislature can impeach a judge for "malfeasance," but the term is so vague that lawmakers are terrified to use it for fear of looking political.

This amendment would constitutionally define "malfeasance." It would explicitly state that if a judge uses extra-textual balancing tests like "strict scrutiny" to bypass the law, they have broken their oath and committed constitutional malfeasance. This takes the politics out of impeachment. The legislature wouldn't be firing a judge over a political disagreement; they would be firing them for a breach of contract.

Getting this amendment on the ballot requires a two-thirds vote in Cheyenne. To conservative lawmakers frustrated by courts vetoing their hard work: this is your shield. This amendment takes your constitutional power back.

To the voters: this is the easiest ballot question you will ever face. It simply asks, “Should Wyoming judges be legally required to follow the law exactly as it is written?”

The legal establishment will fight this tooth and nail. They will claim it handcuffs the courts. But they are wrong. It handcuffs the activists. It returns the power where it belongs: to the written law, to the legislature, and ultimately, to you.

Fred Harrison is an attorney in Cheyenne and served in the Wyoming Legislature from 1982 - 1992. He can be reached at: Fred.Harrison@fjhlawoffice.com

<title>Fred Harrison: The Stolen Veto — How Wyoming Voters Can Take Back Our Courts | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Columnist Fred Harrison writes, "Increasingly, after the votes are counted and the laws are passed, those laws are quietly erased. Not by the voters, and not by the legislature. They are vetoed by unelected lawyers wearing black robes."

Fred Harrison: The Stolen Veto — How Wyoming Voters Can Take Back Our Courts

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's Feature Reporter, Andrew Rossi.

Andrew Rossi

Wyoming Life

Wyoming got more than 15 hours of daylight on June 21, the summer solstice.

It’s lost nearly 10 seconds of daylight since then, and it’ll keep getting darker, earlier and later, until Christmas.

Over the next three months, Wyoming will start losing daylight at an increasingly fast pace. What starts as a few seconds on June 22 will be several minutes by late September.

It won’t stop until the winter solstice on Dec. 21. There’s still plenty of long summer nights ahead, but the days are already getting shorter.

“It’s not that noticeable now, but we’ll be losing two minutes per day by the end of July,” said Max Gilbraith, planetarium coordinator at the University of Wyoming. “The sun’s going to be at a slightly lower angle every day until Dec. 21, and then it starts all over again."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"To The Minute"}]

The summer solstice is the longest day of the year, but in Wyoming the exact moment of the solstice occurred at 2:44 a.m. June 21.

“That’s technically when the sun is directly over the Tropic of Cancer,” Gilbraith said. “It’s the instantaneous moment where the Earth's Northern Hemisphere is maximally tilted toward the sun.”

That doesn’t make the longest day of the year any longer, but figuring out the exact timing of these events is something many civilizations have 

“The Medicine Wheel in Bighorn National Forest was designed to get the exact dates of the solstices correct,” Gilbraith said. “That’s a Wyoming connection to astronomy and the summer solstice that goes back over 1,500 years.”

Gilbraith added that our concept of time can be traced to “the first civilization.”

“The Babylonians developed the 60-counting system based on the 360 degrees of a circle, which is very close to the 365 days in a year,” he said.

Most Wyomingites aren’t aware of this astrological significance in human history. What they know is that Wyoming got a lot of glorious daylight that Sunday.

The longest day of the year was longer depending on where you were in Wyoming.

Laramie, in southern Wyoming, got 15 hours, nine minutes, and 43 seconds of daylight June 21. Meanwhile, Ranchester got 15 hours, 36 minutes, and 18 seconds of daylight on the same day.

“That’s almost an extra 30 minutes from southern to northern Wyoming,” Gilbraith said.

Since then, the Earth’s tilt has been gradually shifting as it continues its orbit  the sun. That’s why the seconds have started to slowly slip away.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Still Sun"}]

“Solstice” is derived from the Latin phrase “still sun.” According to Gilbraith, the sun appears to stay in the same spot during the summer and winter solstices.

“The sun appears to rise, set and hang out in the same spot in the sky for several days,” he said. “It does move during those days, but it’s not that noticeable. That’s why we’ve only lost a few seconds in the last two days.”

The loss of daylight won’t be noticeable for several weeks. After all, how noticeable is a 20-second loss of daylight per day in late June?

The further we get from the summer solstice, 

. It’ll happen sooner than many realize.

A 15-hour day at the beginning of July will be around 14 hours and 23 minutes by the end of July. That's when the losses really start to add up, as much as two minutes a day going into August.

"If you lose two minutes a day every day for a month, that's an hour of daylight lost,' Gilbraith said. "And the amount of daylight lost per day will only increase from there." 

 will have around nine hours and 12 minutes of daylight in Laramie. Ranchester, meanwhile, will have around eight hours and 27 minutes of daylight.

“We’re physically closer to the sun in the Northern Hemisphere during winter," Gilbraith said. "It's the length of day and the angle of the sun that causes the seasons.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Later Sunrise Or Earlier Sunset?"}]

When Wyoming loses daylight, do sunrises get later, or do sunsets get earlier?

It’s both, according to Gilbraith, as the loss of daylight impacts both ends of the day evenly.

“I think most people's perception is that that afternoon is getting darker earlier,” he said. “The sunset is changing, but so is the sunrise. It’s not just one.”

However, the elephant in the room is an arbitrary difference that’s been in place for more than a century: Daylight Saving Time.

“The length of the day is always changing, but it’d be easier to track without Daylight Saving Time,” Gilbraith said. “It started as ‘War Time’ in World War I because they wanted to save electricity for factories. So, they moved the clock up so people would use less light in the evenings.”

Many people continue to advocate for the United States to 

. Nothing’s come of it yet, at least not in an actionable way.

Wyoming is ready to adopt permanent Daylight Saving Time. The Wyoming Legislature passed a trigger bill in 2020, but it only takes effect if the federal government passes similar legislation.

The federal government has been unable and hasn’t tried since 2018.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Those \"Long\" Summer Nights"}]

Parts of Wyoming saw more than 15 hours of daylight on June 21, the summer solstice. Now the days are getting shorter. “It’s not that noticeable now, but we’ll be losing two minutes per day by the end of July," said UW planetarium's Max Gilbraith.

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