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[{"type":"text","text":"The pitcher deserved it...."}]

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>You Still Here? Sunday, March 17, 2024 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

The pitcher deserved it...

You Still Here? Sunday, March 17, 2024

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Government & Politics

Politics

counties on Thursday that a 4% cap on yearly increases in residential property taxes is unconstitutional, and the counties shouldn’t let taxpayers have that exemption.

The State Equalization Board will refuse to certify this year’s property tax assessment figures if counties keep that cap on them, the report says.

The board’s two-person majority — Chair Jayne Mockler and Vice-Chair Marty Hardscog — wrote in the Thursday report that the 4% increase cap for residential property taxes has arbitrary impacts across the state. 

It also disproportionately insulates high-end homes, and disfavors homeowners in more sluggish market areas, the report asserts.

But the report’s main point, and conclusion from the past two years’ tax data, is that the 4% cap violates the Wyoming Constitution’s call for equal and uniform property taxes within each class of property.

The board hasn’t yet issued an order requiring Wyoming’s county assessors to rework their pending tax bills without the cap.

But it expects to do so in the coming weeks after working with counties, Mockler told Cowboy State Daily in a Thursday phone interview.

“We issued this report today that says if that cap doesn’t come off, Marty and I can’t vote to certify residential property taxes. Because they’re not uniform,” said Mockler. “It’ll be followed with an order ... (and) our goal is ultimately to remove the cap.”  

Mockler noted that the board isn’t targeting the other, narrower exemptions with this report — like the 25% property tax cut passed in 2025 or the long-term homeowner exemption.

More than half of the state’s residential property tax values fall under the 4% increase cap, the report says.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"But We Don’t Get A Tax Free Year"}]

This kind of push from the state board is unprecedented, Converse County Assessor Dixie Huxtable told Cowboy State Daily on Thursday.

But Wyomingites shouldn’t expect a tax-free year over the maneuver, she said.

“Everyone’s in agreement there will be residential property taxes for 2026,” she said. “This … is just a step in the process of getting different values the board feels is appropriate.”

The pending mandate leaves Wyoming counties somewhere between following the 4% cap requirement in state law and following another state law that tells assessors to obey the state board, she said.  

“You’re asking us to go against the law? Under the law we have to apply the 4% cap and you’re saying we can’t,” she reflected from the report.

[{"type":"text","text":"“It’s so bizarre it’s funny,” Huxtable added. "}]

She said she was digesting the report Thursday afternoon, and had just been to a phone meeting with the board officials, assessors, and county attorneys.

Two days earlier on Tuesday, Huxtable had just urged the Legislature’s Joint Revenue Committee to approach more changes to the state’s property tax law with caution, because assessors are always trying to keep up with the many changes lawmakers have brought in recent years.

Assessors are at the mercy of state law and are working hard to follow it, she’d said.  

Reflecting on the board’s Thursday report, Huxtable told Cowboy State Daily that assessors are now trying to gain clarification on what to do in the coming weeks.

“We’re on standby,” she said, adding that from her meeting with the board, her impression is, “They’d be tickled pink to go to court” on this issue.

Wyoming Attorney General Keith Kautz said Thursday that he doesn’t know of any litigation on this currently, “but if there is a challenge, we will support what the Legislature did.”

Rep. Barry Crago, R-Buffalo, who has since become a state senator, was the sponsor on the main bill the board’s Thursday report derides as unconstitutional.

Crago did not return a Thursday afternoon voicemail request for comment by publication.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Different Homes, Different Taxes"}]

The board’s report points to inconsistencies across the Wyoming property tax structure.

People who upgrade their homes by changing the footprint of those homes lose the cap exemption to a reset that year, while people who upgrade only the interior do not, says the report.

It says some homes have had their tax bills so thoroughly capped, they’re paying less than half of the state-mandated property tax rate.

“The caps, by design, generate highly disparate tax consequences for 

It accuses the law of discriminating arbitrarily between different homeowners across Wyoming.

“The demarcation between taxpayers receiving a tax windfall, versus those who do not, serves no rational basis,” the document adds.

Rep. Liz Storer, D-Jackson, told Cowboy State Daily on Thursday that she had voted for the 4% tax cap during the tax hikes of 2024. But she views the law as more of a short-term fix. 

"It was a tourniquet; it was a short-term fix," she said. "Butif you leave the tourniquet on, you damage the body." 

Storer's home region of Teton County accounts for huge property tax revenues in Wyoming. She has tried over the years to get lawmakers to stop applying property tax breaks to people's secondary homes. 

Of the $860.2 million in exemptions the 4% cap is expected to cause this year, Teton County accounts for $507.9 million, says a Department of Revenue memo Storer sent to Cowboy State Daily. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"The Lawsuit That Wasn’t"}]

The board warned lawmakers before the 4% cap bill’s passage that board members believed it’s unconstitutional.

 “the die was cast,” says the report.

The board examined the residential assessment values and looked for inverted valuations, that is where higher-valued properties were assessed at lower taxable values than other, similarly situated properties.

The board during the 2025 tax calculation process had just two members, Mockler and Hardscog. They voted that year to certify the tax values, but said that those values were probably invalid. Still, they wanted to gather one more year of data to be sure, the report says.

They also planned to release a Nov. 13, 2025, order requiring assessors to stop giving the exemption.

Gov. Mark Gordon’s office asked the board not to issue that order, the report says.

In November and early December, the governor’s office and Wyoming Attorney General’s Office met with Hardscog and Mockler to talk about filing an action asking a court to judge the issue.

The governor’s office and AG’s office agreed the state board should file that court action, the report says.

The litigation was slated to be filed Jan. 20. Gordon’s office asked for multiple delays, at first to communicate the lawsuit with legislative leaders. 

When Gordon’s office asked for another delay two days later, Hardscog and Mockler said they wouldn’t certify the property tax values after the June tax calculation process, “without a working resolution of their constitutional concerns,” says the report.

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<title>Wyoming Tax Board Says 4% Cap On Property Tax Is Unconstitutional, Won't Accept It | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming’s state-level property tax board told counties on Thursday that a 4% cap on yearly increases in residential property taxes is unconstitutional and it will refuse to certify this year's property tax assessment figures if the cap remains.

Wyoming Tax Board Says 4% Cap On Property Tax Is Unconstitutional, Won't Accept It

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily political columnist, Rod Miller.

Rod Miller

Opinion

CSD Columnists

I returned to the ID ranch where I grew up. My family (the blood) joined me, as did Carbon County Sheriff Alex Bakken (the heat). 

Here’s what went down in a country widely considered to be the original site of the Garden of Eden.

First – why the sheriff? Alex Bakken wears the same badge that my great-grandfather, I.C. Miller wore as territorial sheriff in Carbon County. So I’ve kept an eye on Sheriff Bakken, and I’ve been impressed with how he handles himself wearing that badge. 

I’m sure my patriarch would agree, had they ever met.

I called Alex and asked if he would like to see the ranch that I.C. put together. Alex had bow-hunted in the Seminoe Mountains, but hadn’t seen the rest of the outfit, or the headquarters with the massive 140-year-old stone buildings. He is also an avid history buff and jumped at the chance.

Since my third-born son, Kirk, was visiting from the City of Angels, this would be a great opportunity to gather the clan so they could revisit the place they had spent their childhood years. My former wife, Linda joined us, and had the chance to see the ID again, where she had spent years in the solitude, wind and rattlesnakes, 40 miles from town, raising our sons. 

I owe Linda an un-repayable debt for her maternal excellence. This sojourn was an installment.

I also invited family friend and videographer extraordinaire, Mike Vanata, to join us. I owe Vanata a debt for doing several thousand bucks worth of primo video work for my 2018 run for Congress and, when the campaign ran out of money, accepting my beloved AK-47 as payment. 

Another road trip with Vanata was a side benefit to this particular journey back in time.

My second-born, Isaac had to stay back in Cheyenne to take Pippi the Wonder Dog to the vet for a canine emergency, so he missed out. But Pippi lives! 

Vic, my youngest son, served as Chief of Security for the pilgrimage through Outlaw country, and kept us safe from the brigands that, 150 years earlier, he would have led. 

The youngest Miller, grandson Dayton, came with my eldest son Tommy, to share the driving chores, peel a bronc and catch his first fish. For a 4-year-old, Dayton pulled his weight and then some. 

Rounding out the party of backtrackers were my brother, Mark, and cousin, Bill Shaffer, who grew up with me on the ID. We share indelible memories of that place that cannot be put into words.

We met at Su Casa, in Sinclair (the best Mexican food north of the Nueces River) for lunch, where Vanata proceeded to mortify everyone by ordering a chicken fried steak (but that’s a topic for a future column), and then we drove north on Memory Lane to the ID headquarters. 

Given our statewide drought, I expected to see the countryside clad in a pale beige duster, but she must have known we were coming, because she wore her prettiest green sundress. The ID looks splendid!

Inside the big stone barn, it’s always cool in summer. The heavy door still bears the carved initials of long-dead cowboys and old brands. Outside in the corral, Dayton got his first horseback ride. His mount was a sleek bay mare named Clementine. They bonded in that sacred and mysterious ritual known only to kids and horses.

Sheriff Bakken got a good look at where his predecessor lived, and he seemed to enjoy it.

Then we drove up to the base of Bradley Peak, to the high divide between the Hurt Creek and Deweese Creek drainages, so I could show my kids where I expect them to scatter my ashes at the appropriate time. 

Sure, I had planned earlier for my sons divvy up my cremains and sneak them into the pepper shakers in Taco Johns all over the Big Empty. They all said they’d do it, but the Bradley Peak plan seems a bit healthier all around.

Dayton then caught his first fish, a mini-brookie, in the same place on Hurt Creek that his dad caught his first fish. That seems symmetrical and correct to me. It’s the gold in the brown and gold of Wyoming.

Kirk, a runner, skipped fishing to run five miles back toward headquarters to frolic in the wind-shifting dunes that will, in time, bury my first home.

With these living folks I retraced my steps through the country of my ghosts. The ticks and snakes spared us out of respect. 

The youngest of my bloodline experienced his first horsey ride and first fish. The new sheriff met our old country. 

It was a good day on the backtrail. And I’m tickled to be back in the Cowboy State Daily stable!

Rod Miller can be reached at: RodsMillerWyo@yahoo.com

Rod miller headshot scaled

<title>Rod Miller: Backtracking Part Two - Blood and Heat At The ID Ranch | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Columnist Rod Miller writes: "So I took my family (the blood) and Carbon County Sheriff Alex Bakken (the heat), to the old ranch country where I expect my kids to scatter my ashes. Here’s what went down."

Rod Miller: Backtracking Part Two - Blood and Heat At The ID Ranch

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Crime & Courts

Courts

A Sheridan couple is facing felony theft charges after police say they hauled away more than $1,400 worth of donations from outside a church that had been collected for a fundraiser.

The pair later told the Sheridan Police Department that they believed the items had been left outside for anyone to take.

Michael C. Forni, 27, and Amber Mae Walker, 32, were each charged Wednesday during initial appearances in Sheridan County Circuit Court.

According to an affidavit filed by the Sheridan PD, church staff discovered Saturday that more than a dozen items staged outside First United Methodist Church for an upcoming fundraising sale had disappeared overnight.

The haul was an eclectic mix of yard-sale treasures and oddities: a rototiller, propane tank, window air conditioner, camp cots and coolers, alongside retired traffic signals, rifle scopes, a handmade wooden wagon and even a jade plant.

Church staff told investigators they weren't exactly sure how many items in total were stolen. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Two Trips"}]

Investigators reviewed surveillance video from the church and reportedly observed a black Toyota Tundra pull into the parking lot at about 4:01 a.m.

A man and woman got out of the truck and loaded several items before leaving, says the affidavit.

About 17 minutes later, the same truck returned, and the pair loaded more property before driving away a second time.

Church staff later provided police with a detailed list of the missing items that had been gathered for a fundraising sale organized by the church's Methodist Men's Group.

Pastor Jim Barth was unavailable for comment, but the church receptionist immediately recognized the case.

The ministry regularly hosts parking lot sales and Palm Sunday breakfasts to raise money for projects that support both the church and the broader Sheridan community. 

Other items taken included several rifle scopes, a weed eater, Cabela's dry bags, and two retired traffic signals. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Facebook Tip"}]

After obtaining still images from surveillance video, Sheridan police posted photographs on the department's Facebook page seeking help identifying the pair. It appears the photos have since been removed.

According to court records, an anonymous tip identified the suspects as Forni and Walker.

When officers arrived at the couple's home, they reportedly found a black Toyota Tundra matching the truck seen in the surveillance video parked in the driveway, the affidavit says.

Investigators also observed a window air conditioner in the bed of the truck that matched one reported missing from the church.

Police then contacted Forni and Walker, who both acknowledged taking the items, according to the affidavit.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Wrong Assumption"}]

Court records indicate both told investigators they believed the items had been left outside for people to take for free. The couple told officers they had been driving around and noticed the collection of property outside the church.

Forni reportedly said they assumed the items were being discarded and decided to "dumpster dive" through them.

[{"type":"text","text":"Walker gave a similar account."}]

Police later recovered the property from them. The total value of the recovered items was estimated at about $1,455.

Under Wyoming law, theft of property valued at more than $1,000 is punishable by up to 10 years in prison, a fine of up to $10,000, or both.

Forni and Walker made their initial appearances Wednesday afternoon in Sheridan County Circuit Court.

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<title>Police Say Sheridan Couple Accused Of Stealing Fundraiser Donations From Church | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A Sheridan couple is facing felony theft charges after police say they hauled away two pickup loads of donations from outside the church that had been collected for a fundraiser. They said they believed the items had been left outside for anyone to take.

Police Say Sheridan Couple Accused Of Stealing Fundraiser Donations From Church

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's managing editor, Greg Johnson.

Greg Johnson

CHEYENNE — A 57-year-old woman charged with first-degree murder in the death of a newborn boy in early 1988 repeatedly told investigators she was never pregnant around that time, despite DNA testing showing it’s 1.97 million times more likely she’s the baby’s mother than anyone else.

 Cheyenne resident Eva Martinez was arrested Tuesday on suspicion of first-degree murder in the death of who has become known over the past 38 years as “Baby John Doe,” whose body was gruesomely discovered Feb. 28, 1988, near a culvert off a county road, according to court documents.

She made her first appearance in Laramie County Circuit Court on Wednesday morning, where was advised that first-degree murder carries penalties of life in prison or death.

Wearing solid dark-brown scrubs top and wide white-and-orange striped pants, she simply answered “yes” when Circuit Court Judge Antoinette Williams asked if she understood the charge against her, and again when asked if she wanted a public defender.

While the grisly discovery of the boy’s body happened more than 38 years ago, it wasn’t until 2021 that advanced DNA testing allowed investigators to advance the case and identify Martinez as the boy’s probable mother, according to an affidavit of probable cause written by Detective Sgt. Ryan Martinez of the LCSO (no relation).

When first interviewed by detectives on Dec. 22, 2025, Martinez “repeatedly denied knowing anything about Baby John Doe or having any children or pregnancies around that time frame,” the affidavit says.

It was during that interview that a sample of her DNA was taken, and when she was interviewed again months later after results showed the strong probability of her being Baby John Doe’s mother, she maintained her first story, according to the affidavit.

“She denied having any knowledge of Baby John Doe, having knowledge of anyone else who was responsible for Baby John Doe’s death, or why Baby John Doe’s body was placed in the culvert at Happy Jack Road and McKinney Drive,” the affidavit continues.

She claimed she wasn’t in Cheyenne around that timeframe, but investigators could not verify that information.

Martinez graduated from Cheyenne Central High School in 1987, and at some point afterward moved to Las Vegas, where she worked for about the next 20 years before returning to Cheyenne, the affidavit says.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"The Discovery"}]

Martinez would have been 18 on Feb. 28, 1988, when Laramie County Sheriff’s Office deputies responded to a call at Happy Jack Road and McKinney Drive just southwest of the boundary for F.E. Warren Air Force Base.

What they found was anything but routine, the affidavit says.

People who had been walking in the area discovered the dead baby near a culvert.

“Their juvenile son had initially noticed a dog chewing on something in the area, and they later realized it was a deceased baby,” the affidavit says. “It was determined that the deceased baby had initially been inside the culvert prior to the dog moving it.”

The baby was “abandoned, unclothed, deceased … discovered near the roadway,” according to an LCSO report announcing Martinez’s arrest.

“An autopsy concluded that the baby was a fully developed, full-term, 6.5-pound baby,” according to the report. “The autopsy found no evidence of significant injury, congenital anomaly, or disease.”

It also was determined that the baby was born alive and remained alive for “an amount of time due to air being in the baby’s lungs and stomach,” the report says.

However, at the time the cause and manner of the boy’s death were undetermined.

“The LCSO subsequently investigated a number of leads about the deceased baby,” the affidavit says. “All attempts to try and identify who the deceased baby boy was, the deceased boy’s parents, and why the baby was left along the road were unsuccessful.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What The Father Said"}]

In 2021, the LCSO partnered with Othram Inc., a Texas laboratory that specializes in forensic genetic genealogy.

Othram was able to identify two matches for possible close relatives to Baby John Doe, which led investigators to a son of Match 1, who tested 331 trillion times more likely to be the baby’s father than anyone else.

In interviews with the LCSO, that man admitted to having a relationship with Martinez around the time Baby John Doe was born and abandoned, but said Martinez told him at the time that the baby had been stillborn and that a doctor in Fort Collins “dissolved” the baby, the affidavit says.

That contradicts Martinez’s repeated statements that she was never pregnant at that time.

“He and Eva were in a serious relationship for several years and lived together for part of it,” according to the affidavit. “During their relationship, Eva had become pregnant. He was excited to have a baby and believed she was as well.”

That was until one day, he told investigators, when she went into labor and her water broke.

Eva and her older sister left and were gone for at least 24 hours, and when they came back told him about the stillbirth.

“He was suspicious of the story because there was never any funeral held for the baby he knew of,” the affidavit says.

At the time, he was young, didn’t pay attention to news and wasn’t aware of Baby John Doe.

He also thought Martinez had likely arranged to give the baby up for adoption for money. Their relationship ended soon after.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What Martinez Said"}]

After talking to the father, investigators contacted the Larimer County Coroner’s Office in Fort Collins.

The coroner said he couldn’t find any record of Eva Martinez having given birth to a baby in that county or a record of a baby having died in a local medical facility, the affidavit says.

Along with claiming she was likely in Las Vegas at the time Baby John Doe was born and died, Martinez claimed the biological father could’ve had the baby with any number of women.

“Eva claimed that biological father had numerous girlfriends during that timeframe who could be the baby’s mother,” the affidavit says. “When asked what DNA testing would indicate, Eva said that it wouldn’t show anything as far as her relationship to Baby John Doe.”

Despite those results coming back showing a strong probability she was the baby’s mother, Martinez maintained she wasn’t.

“Eva claimed that the individual referred to as biological father is not credible,” the affidavit says. “Eva denied having any knowledge of biological father playing a role in Baby John Doe’s death or being left in the culvert.”

In the meantime, she remains in the Laramie County Detention Center on a $100,000 cash-only bond set by Judge Williams on Wednesday.

“The state does have some concern she may be a flight risk given the charges,” the prosecutor argued via closed-circuit video conferencing.

The judge set the bond, then scheduled a June 18 preliminary hearing for Martinez, where it will be determined if there’s enough evidence to support a first-degree murder charge.

Laramie County Sheriff Brian Kozak said the charge against Martinez is satisfying for his office and investigators who have worked for decades to get justice for Baby John Doe.

“I’m just so proud of Sgt. Martinez and everyone involved,” he told Cowboy State Daily on Wednesday. “We didn’t forget about an unknown baby, and I’m so happy for this.”

He also said the Wyoming State Crime Laboratory conducted the final DNA testing and was crucial to the investigation.

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<title>Cheyenne Woman Says She Didn’t Abandon Newborn Boy To Die 38 Years Ago | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A 57-year-old woman who was arrested Tuesday and charged with first-degree murder in the death of a newborn boy in early 1988 repeatedly claimed the baby wasn’t hers. Investigators say DNA testing shows it’s 1.97 million times more likely she’s the baby’s mother than anyone else.

Cheyenne Woman Says She Didn’t Abandon Newborn Boy To Die 38 Years Ago

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's Feature Reporter, Andrew Rossi.

Andrew Rossi

Wyoming Life

Brian Timmer, artist and owner of the Timmer Gallery in Cody, just finished his second public mural in Cody, celebrating the United

The mural depicts a patriotically colored bald eagle flying in the gap between Cedar and Rattlesnake Mountains, the iconic peaks on the western edge of Cody flanking the route to the East Entrance of Yellowstone National Park. Under the eagle are a free-roaming bison and an old-fashioned American cowboy. 

"I thought it'd be cool if we showed the view from our town," Timmer said. "As I was looking at this idea of an eagle in this scene, my 11-year-old son, George, said it'd be cool if there were 13 stars and stripes on the eagle for the original 13 colonies. That was a great idea, and it came together that way."

Timmer's 10.5-by-13-foot mural is at the corner of Sheridan Avenue and 13th Street, ensuring anyone traveling through Cody will see it. It's one of the many ways Cody is making its namesake proud by celebrating a big anniversary in a big way. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Year And A Day"}]

busily planning for America's Semiquincentennial

. Cody's America 250 Committee has been holding regular meetings since September 2024. 

"It's a little tricky to add much more to our Fourth of July activities," said Jennifer Thoma, executive director of the Cody Country Chamber of Commerce. "Cody's already so full of visitors and activities, so we're just trying to tie everything together by adding the theme of America's 250th anniversary and celebrating all things Americana." 

Cody's typical Independence Day festivities 

, centered on the Cody Stampede Rodeo from July 1-4. Instead of a single parade on the 4th, Cody has three days of parades, along with other public events, making it the busiest weekend of the already-busy summer season.

Anticipating even more people in Cody for the 250th anniversary, Thoma said the committee decided to extend the community's celebration throughout 2026. Independence Day will be bigger and better than ever, but resources are being allocated to other appropriately patriotic events leading up to July 4. 

 "We're planning a lot of commemorative things and making the town look great for the visitors we have while adding a lot for people who don't get to be here on July 4," she said.

Timmer's mural wasn't commissioned by the committee. He was approached by Sandy Newsome, the former representative of Wyoming House District 24, who owns the building where he painted the piece. 

"It's not specific to the 250th anniversary," he said. "Our thought is that people can stand in front of this mural for a photo during their trip.  I think it'll be fun and, hopefully, inspirational for everyone who visits us." 

Timmer also said his mural is right next to Sitti's Table, a restaurant that has recently received numerous accolades and national attention. He hopes the mural will draw more people to 

"It's right around the corner from the main drag, and they're getting some pretty awesome acclaim," he said. "It's a really nice restaurant, so I'm hoping the mural will be a positive for them, too." 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Flags, Food, And Beer"}]

While the nation prepares for the 250th anniversary of America in 2026, Cody's doing a year of celebrating before and after the Fourth of July. A new mural depicting a starred and striped eagle over the city's mountains is the latest patriotic placement.

You Still Here? Sunday, March 17, 2024

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