Daily Darwin

[{"type":"text","text":"Don't worry, this trail is completely secure..."}]

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>Daily Darwin: Friday, June 2, 2023 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Don't worry, this trail is completely secure...

Daily Darwin: Friday, June 2, 2023

 Don't worry, this trail is completely secure...

Heinz mark

Mark Heinz

Agriculture

Wildlife

Allowing cattle to graze in a portion of the Gros Ventre Range will get cattle and grizzly bears killed, according to environmental groups planning a lawsuit to stop it. 

Cattlemen say that shouldn’t be a concern, because cattle and bears have long been near each other in the area.

At issue is whether cattle should be allowed on about 35,000 acres in the Elk Ridge Complex. That’s in the Gros Ventre Range on the Bridger-Teton National Forest about 30 miles southeast of Jackson.

That would put cattle in prime grizzly habitat, and the bears would be tempted to kill them, ecologist John Carter of Bondurant told Cowboy State Daily. 

And the bears would be killed in turn, he added. 

Carter founded the Yellowstone to Uintas Connection. It’s one of a coalition of groups that filed a 60-day notice of intent Friday to sue the Forest Service under the Endangered Species Act to stop the grazing. 

The Forest Service authorized temporary cattle grazing during 2026 and 2027 in the Elk Ridge Complex.

In an email to Cowboy State Daily, Upper Green River Cattlemen’s Association president Coke Landers said worries about grizzlies getting killed are exaggerated. 

“It isn't a concern; it's the same bears and the same livestock. We and the Game and Fish have a great working relationship when it comes to bear/cattle conflict, and I'm sure it will continue,” he wrote.

A voluntary buyout of sheep grazing rights took place there in 2016. That was done partly to protect bighorn sheep, which are vulnerable to contracting pneumonia infections from domestic sheep. 

“Of course, there were also conflicts with grizzlies,” Carter said. 

, grizzlies being killed by wildlife agencies for preying on livestock is a leading causes of bear deaths in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"‘No Forage Deficit’"}]

The Forest Service claims cattle had to be shifted into the Elk Ridge Complex because adjacent allotments were burned in 2025 wildfires. 

Carter said he doesn’t buy that argument.

Forest Service monitoring data indicates forage in the wildfire area is still adequate for "50% use” for grazing, he said. 

“There’s no forage deficit (in the fire zone) and no reason to be moving cattle into the Elk Ridge allotments, even if those other pastures did burn,” he said. 

Landers said that shifting some cattle into the Elk Ridge area will help the burned areas recover, with no direct economic benefit to ranchers. 

“The benefit is all ecological; it provides a grazing resource while the affected resource is allowed to rest. We are not trucking up extra numbers of cattle to use the new resource,” he wrote.

Thousands of cattle are grazed in the Upper Green River basin, he added, noting there are 11 permits for the Upper Green River Cattlemen’s Association. 

The area is “roughly permitted for 7,300 head,” and ranchers are running about 6,000 cattle there, Landers said. 

“The grazing that will happen on the Elk Ridge Complex is a temporary authorization of use to offset the effects of the Pack Trail fire and the Dollar Lake fire,” he said. "The cattle may be from any one of the 11 permits, since we are a common grazing allotment and are not sorted by ownership into pasture systems.” 

Carter said he and other members of the coalition also think the Forest Service didn’t provide adequate public notice or allow for comment before authorizing the grazing shift.

It’s a matter of “backroom deals and dead bears,” he said. 

“We just happened to stumble across it (notice of the grazing authorization)” buried deep in Forest Service documents, Carter said. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"Landers said everything was above board. "}]

“I believe the forest service acted totally within their authority as the manager of the resource,” he wrote.

Gros Ventre Wilderness Mike Cavaroc via Alamy 8 7 26

<title>Conservationists To Sue Forest Service To Stop Cattle Grazing In Gros Ventre Range | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Conservationists plan to sue the Forest Service to stop grazing on a part of Wyoming’s remote Gros Ventre Range. They say it will lead to grizzlies killing cattle and, in turn, wildlife agents killing the bears. A cattleman from the area disagrees.

Conservationists To Sue Forest Service To Stop Cattle Grazing In Gros Ventre Range

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily reporter, Dale Killingbeck

Dale Killingbeck

Wyoming Life

A 4 1/2-foot tall bronze sculpture of a soldier kneeling where a comrade made the ultimate sacrifice in battle made its debut at the Oregon Trails State Veterans Cemetery in Evansville on Friday.

The soldier has his left hand on top a helmet resting on the fellow soldier’s planted weapon. His right hand holds his own rifle.

The scene depicts the “Battle Cross” or “Soldier’s Cross” and includes a soldier’s rifle, boots, and helmet as a memorial marker.

Wyoming artist Chris Navarro characterized his 42nd public art project “Fallen Comrade” as “personal” for him as he addressed the 50 people gathered for its unveiling in a little square in front of the cemetery’s chapel.

“It’s special because of all the ties my family has to the military,” Navarro said, noting he was raised on U.S. Air Force bases around the world due to his father’s role as a pilot. His brother Herb Navarro, a retired U.S. Army helicopter pilot, was on hand from Arizona representing veterans who served in the Persian Gulf War.

Cemetery Director Darrin Brahaney said the Wyoming Military Department had a vision for a statue in 2019 that would honor veterans and what they sacrificed. He said when they put out the proposal Navarro responded and brought his concepts to the project.

“We gave Chris our vision last July and he took that vision and put his own touches to it and he had a very short window to get this done,” Brahaney said. 

Brahaney said the statue was being unveiled Friday because Aug. 7 is Purple Heart Day. The Purple Heart is the nation’s oldest medal and is given to service members killed and wounded in battle during war.

Navarro said he was thankful to have his brother present for the unveiling and knew that his late dad, Lt. Col. Herbert Navarro, a longtime Air Force pilot, and late brother Rick, a U.S. Naval Academy graduate who few P3 Orion Aircraft, would be proud.

“Fallen Comrade is not about one soldier or one branch of service or one war,” he said. “It represents all of them. It represents the men and women who raised their right hand and made a commitment to something greater than themselves.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Reminder To Remember"}]

Navarro said he hopes everyone who encounters the sculpture will stop for a moment and remember the sacrifice, courage, and remember the families who remain behind because of the sacrifice.

In addition to Herb Navarro, other veterans helping to remove the covering on the statue were Casper World War II U.S. Navy veteran William McMillan, Korean War veteran Cecil Barnes, Vietnam veteran Barry Gasdek, and Kelly Ivanoff, a veteran of the Global War on Terrorism.

After the unveiling, Chris Navarro pointed out that the dog tags hanging from the rifle of the fallen did not carry a name but a message: “All gave some, and some gave all.”

Herb Navarro told the crowd that before traveling from Arizona he found his dad’s dog tags from the Korean War and would put them on the sculpture for the rest of the day to honor him.

“They’re pretty interesting dog tags because they say 'T-50’ on them,” he said. “That represents the year you got your tetanus shot.”

Herb Navarro said seeing the bronze placed at the cemetery reminded him of scenes he witnessed during trips to Arlington National Cemetery for funerals.

“It’s a cool sculpture, for sure,” he said.

Chris Navarro said he was thankful his brother was able to be present for the unveiling and pleased with the sculpture. It will be set on a pedestal so when people approach it, it will be at eye level.

The artist said the sculpture is his sixth public art installation in a year and his 18th in Casper.

“I’ve been doing it professionally for 40 years and I want to do 50 (art installations) before they throw dirt on me,” he said.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"‘Fantastic’ Gift"}]

Gasdek called the sculpture a “fantastic” gift from the Wyoming Military Department and Navarro to honor “fallen warriors and those who served.”

He said unveiling the sculpture on Purple Heart Day seemed appropriate.

“I just thank them for going one step beyond in their service to take care of our vets to let them know that their service is appreciated,” he said. “You can honor them while they are living and even when they are deceased.”

The sculpture, which is 125% of life size, was cast at Eagle Bronze in Lander.

Chris Navarro said he hopes people interact with, kneel beside or put their arm around the sculpture.

“A lot of monumental bronze you can’t walk around them and touch them, but this one is going to be that way,” he said.

Fallen Soldier sculpture Statue Unveiled 8 7 26

<title>Chris Navarro’s Latest Bronze ‘Fallen Comrade’ An Emotional Tribute To Father | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Casper sculptor Chris Navarro unveiled his latest bronze Friday, a more-than-life-sized work titled “Fallen Comrade” of a soldier kneeling in honor of a fallen brother. “It’s special because of all the ties my family has to the military,” he said.

Chris Navarro’s Latest Bronze ‘Fallen Comrade’ An Emotional Tribute To Father

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Courts

A 37-year-old Powell man faces up to 10 years in prison after allegedly attacking a woman he lived with, punching her in the head multiple times and leaving her bruised and with a chipped front tooth because he didn't believe how many steps she walked during the day.

Catlin Stephen Wolfard is charged with the felony aggravated assault and battery along with domestic battery, a misdemeanor. 

Wolfard had his first court appearance Friday morning in Park County Circuit Court, where his bond was set at $10,000. 

It started when the woman returned to the home she shared with Wolfard on Monday evening, cleaned the house and started making dinner, 

per an affidavit written by Powell Police Lt. Dustin DelBiaggio.

[{"type":"text","text":"Around 8:30 p.m., the two sat down at the kitchen table."}]

During dinner, she began talking about the number of steps her phone had recorded while she was at work. Wolfard didn't believe the number was accurate, she told investigators, and what began as a mundane disagreement turned into a heated argument.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"Whiskey got involved,\" she later told police."}]

Wolfard began drinking Jack Daniel's Tennessee Honey, while she had about two shots. She described herself as about a three on a 10-point scale to drunk, but described Wolfard as "extremely angry."

The two separated for a while, and things appeared to settle down, but she said it didn't last. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"White Claw Cans Fly"}]

Around 1 a.m. Tuesday, the two were back in the kitchen when another argument erupted.

The woman said Wolfard began pulling full cans of White Claw from the refrigerator and throwing them at her, though none connected. 

She told investigators she became worried the argument was about to turn physical after Wolfard walked over and closed the kitchen window, commenting that the neighbors might hear them. 

She bent forward at the waist and put her hands over her head to protect herself as Wolfard approached, she told investigators. He then allegedly punched her two or three times with a closed fist in the back of her head.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"Don't beat me,\" she said."}]

"Stop saying I beat you, now you're going to see how it feels to be beat," Wolfard allegedly responded.

[{"type":"text","text":"The woman retreated into the master bedroom, but Wolfard followed."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Pushed Into Furniture"}]

When she tried to leave, she said Wolfard repeatedly pushed her backward into the room, using his open hands against her upper chest.

[{"type":"text","text":"She eventually got around him and made it into the living room."}]

There, she alleged, Wolfard began pushing her around for several minutes, causing her to strike furniture.

The living room contained wood-framed chairs, a couch with little padding and an air mattress on the floor, the affidavit says.

She told investigators she managed to get back to the bedroom and lie down, separating herself from Wolfard.

But at about 3 a.m., Wolfard came into the bedroom and told her he was going to sleep there, and she could sleep in the living room.

She claims she left her cellphone in the bed, and when she asked Wolfard to give it back, he refused. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Chipped Tooth"}]

Wolfard then allegedly punched the woman twice in the face with a closed fist.

She described one as a glancing blow as she turned away. The other, she said, landed directly on her mouth and chipped the bottom of her left front tooth.

She went into the living room and fell asleep while Wolfard remained in the bedroom.

When she woke later that morning, she grabbed her phone while Wolfard was still sleeping and called the police. 

She said abuse was "normal," but Wolfard had never punched her before that night. 

Police later noticed bruises on the woman's body that appeared to be in various stages of healing.

Some bruising on her chest, she said, came from a separate domestic incident with Wolfard about a week earlier.

Investigators also wrote that the woman discovered a hard mass developing inside her right breast that she attributed to the recent altercation.

Powell Hospital EMS was called, and she agreed to go to the Powell Valley Healthcare emergency room for her injuries and a forensic examination.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"What Wolfard Said"}]

Wolfard left the residence after waking up around 3:30 p.m. Tuesday and was arrested a short time later, according to the affidavit.

He told officers she bruised easily and fell frequently. He also said bruising on her left arm came from the two playing "tug of war" on paddleboards at Deaver Reservoir the previous weekend.

[{"type":"text","text":"The woman disputed both explanations."}]

 wrote that investigators believed Wolfard had attempted to cause the woman serious bodily injury by pushing her into furniture, punching her and breaking her tooth, and repeatedly striking the back of her head.

[{"type":"text","text":"According to the Park County Sheriffs Office, Wolfard remains in custody."}]

Catlin Stephen Wolfard new 8 7 26

<title>Powell Man Accused Of Beating Woman When He Didn’t Believe How Many Steps She Walked | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A 37-year-old Powell man could get 10 years in prison for allegedly attacking a woman when he got angry over not believing how many steps she walked that day. "Now you're going to see how it feels to be beat," the woman told police he said to her.

Powell Man Accused Of Beating Woman When He Didn’t Believe How Many Steps She Walked

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Crime & Courts

Wyoming, 14 other states, a handful of gun advocacy groups, and individuals beat the Trump administration in court this week when a Texas-based federal judge called significant portions of the 1934 National Firearms Act unconstitutional.

U.S. District Court Judge James Wesley Hendrix ruled Wednesday that major portions of the act are unconstitutional and can’t be enforced on Wyoming’s government and a number of other plaintiffs. 

Those provisions restrict suppressors, short-barreled rifles, short-barreled shotguns, and firearms classified as “any other weapons.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Gov. Mark Gordon called the ruling a win."}]

“This is a great win for gun owners across the country, including here in Wyoming where our gun rights are an important part of our heritage,” said Gordon in a Friday email statement. “It is absolutely essential that the 2nd Amendment be respected and protected. I am delighted to see a judge recognize overreach when it is this clear.”

Gordon congratulated Wyoming Attorney General Keith Kautz and Kautz’s team “for their solid work and wish them the best as this case continues moving forward.”

Hendrix stayed his order until at least Aug. 12, in case the federal government wants to appeal. It hadn’t appealed as of Friday morning.

The judge also did not overturn the NFA’s restrictions on machine guns and destructive devices.

Mark Jones, Wyoming resident and national director of Gun Owners of America, told Cowboy State Daily the ruling represents a big win — but not an invitation to go make short-barreled rifles, at least until the dust settles.

“We’re advising people to be very careful about looking at a headline and running out and engaging in practices related to this until we get more information and there’s some decision on this appeal,” said Jones. 

He also said that though Wyoming is a plaintiff, he doesn’t believe the injunction extends to every Wyoming citizen.

But, added Jones, “I still think it’s the biggest win against the NFA in the NFA’s history, and we'll see what happens.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Trump Stance ‘Frustrating’"}]

Gun Owners of America is one of the plaintiffs.

Hendrix’s order bars the U.S. Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms (ATF) and the U.S. Department of Justice (DOJ) from enforcing the enjoined parts of the National Firearms Act against plaintiffs and the plaintiffs’ “agencies, political subdivisions, members, and customers — both current and future.”

Jones said that leaves protections for Wyoming residents in doubt because “residents” aren’t listed under the people the order protects. But, he said, a Wyomingite who is a member of the Gun Owners of America will be protected if the order is upheld.

It’s been frustrating that the Trump administration has been defending the National Firearms Act, said Jones.

“Very frustrating,” he said. “Because the president ran, obviously, as a strong 2nd Amendment supporter.”

Jones said GOA has been “openly concerned about that: why his administration is defending the National Firearms Act.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Gun Control Act Remains"}]

David Kopel, a senior fellow at the University of Wyoming College of Law Firearms Research Center, emphasized that though the NFA will be diminished if the injunction is upheld or remains in place, the Gun Control Act of 1968 is still law.

“Even if the National Firearms Act of 1934 had never been passed, if you wanted to go into a store and buy a short-barreled rifle or short-barreled shotgun or even a suppressor, you’d have to go through the same process as to buy any other gun,” said Kopel. 

[{"type":"text","text":"That includes background checks and federal paperwork."}]

But this ruling removes a noteworthy layer of federal paperwork, requirements and delays, added Jones.

Congress passed the NFA in 1934 to tax and regulate Prohibition-era “gangster weapons,” including short-barreled shotguns and rifles, silencers, and “any other weapons” – a term the government has treated flexibly over the years.

[{"type":"text","text":"The law also covers machineguns and destructive devices."}]

It imposes taxes, but also recordkeeping and registration requirements geared toward enforcing the tax.

A person who violates the law by owning or transferring one of the covered firearms without fulfilling the requirements can face up to 10 years in federal prison and $10,000 in fines, plus the loss of gun rights for life.

The U.S. Supreme Court in 1937 upheld the act because the U.S. Constitution gives Congress the power to tax.

The Trump-backed One Big Beautiful Bill Act of 2025 lifted the taxes from the short-barreled rifles and shotguns, silencers and “any other weapons.”

Hendrix ruled Wednesday that removing the taxes also removes constitutional justifications for law’s other paperwork, registration and recordkeeping requirements, which were ostensibly in place to enforce the tax.

He also wrote that in 1934 the commerce clause — the portion of the Constitution giving Congress authority over interstate commerce — would not have been seen as justifying the NFA in 1934.

But the Gun Control Act of 1968, regulating gun commerce, remains in place. It’s based on the commerce clause.

[{"type":"text","text":"Wyoming’s Defiant Little Law"}]

Wyoming law says a personal firearm, accessory or ammunition manufactured in the state, that stays in the borders of the state is not subject to federal law, taxation or regulation, “under the authority of the United States congress to regulate interstate commerce.”

Kopel had opined, however, that a person who makes a short-barreled rifle in Wyoming still cannot sell it to his next-door neighbor, because intrastate commerce affects interstate commerce.

[{"type":"text","text":"Jones said Kopel is probably right."}]

Gordon Trump 8 7 26

<title>Wyoming Scores 'Win' In Landmark Gun Rights Case Against Trump Administration | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A federal judge overturned parts of the National Firearms Act this week after Wyoming and other plaintiffs sued the Trump administration, which had defended the act. Gov. Mark Gordon on Friday called it a "great win for gun owners across the country."

Wyoming Scores 'Win' In Landmark Gun Rights Case Against Trump Administration

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's business and tourism reporter, Renée Jean

Renée Jean

Business & Tourism

Yellowstone National Park is Wyoming’s top tourist attraction, with between 4.5 and 4.8 million annual visitors. It’s also the nation’s No. 1 Google obsession when it comes to national parks. 

It’s pulled ahead of other heavyweights such as the Grand Canyon by an eye-catching margin of roughly 1.42 million more searches over the most recent period from July 2025 to June 2026. 

That’s according to research by airport transportation analysts at 

, which analyzed Google search data for national parks to figure out which are getting the most digital attention. 

The substantial gap in online interest doesn’t seem to have an obvious explanation, especially given that Grand Canyon National Park has about the same number of visitors as Yellowstone. 

Meanwhile, Great Smoky Mountains National Park, which didn’t make the Top 10, is the most visited national park, with around 13 million visitors annually.

One possible explanation are Yellowstone’s many viral wildlife encounters, the most recent of which involved a grandfather who was tossed 8 feet into the air by an agitated bull bison while walking with his grandson past the Bridge Bay Campground 

In this case, Carl McDaniel, 65, was not crowding a bison trying to get a photo. He was more than 100 yards away, well beyond the 35 yards by park officials. 

The bison, which earlier had been chasing people in the campground area and mock-charging tents and picnic tables, even appeared to have calmed down by the time McDaniel and his grandson came along. The bison was rolling in a dust wallow. 

A white pickup unexpectedly appeared in the area, however, which appeared to set the bison off again. It went to charge the truck, which drove away, while McDaniel and his grandson hid in some trees. 

When the truck left, the bison was not deterred by the trees. It went straight after McDaniel, who told his grandson, 13, to run the opposite way to keep the animal away from him. 

 when it comes to fueling search engine algorithms. 

The most recent escapade by the latest “touron” of the day — a smashup of the words “tourist” and “moron” — has practically become its own sub-genre for online social media entertainment. 

People can’t seem to get enough of would-be bison paparazzi unwisely crowding an animal that only appears to be docile. A bison can actually run 30 mph — much faster than a human — and it’s afraid of nothing. 

Clueless attempts to retrieve items like hats that have blown into a hot pot of what is essentially a boiling acid spring also attract a lot of attention. 

Entire bodies have disintegrated in less than 24 hours in some of these pools, with only a partial foot inside a floating shoe left behind. 

These kinds of stories can cause a massive short-term surge in search traffic, but it’s attention that fades even as the next news cycle takes over. And it doesn’t completely explain a year-long 1.4 million margin in Google searches, given that winter comes along and such “touron” instances become much fewer and farther between.

The deeper, more consistent driver behind Yellowstone’s digital surge aligns with a major post-pandemic shift in global tourism.

Wellness travel is trending along with the intentional “digital detox,” where travelers turn off their cell phones for an extended period away from anything with a screen.

Airbnb statistics have already spotlighted that many travelers are no longer interested in cooking like lobsters on the beach. 

 where they can find deep, restorative nature experiences to counter burnout — and that’s a trend where Wyoming absolutely comes out on top, Wyoming Office of Tourism’s Hailey Stevens told Cowboy State Daily.

Stevens is seeing these trends reflected in the travel and tourism figures Office of Tourism tracks, which are up 3.5% year over year, along with a 14% jump in visitor spending year over year and 36% month over month. Lodging taxes are up 20%.

“People are really seeking out those vacations where they can just have that disconnection from (modern) lifestyle,” she said. “Yellowstone and Wyoming as a whole are just incredible places to do that, with our wide-open spaces, diverse landscapes, and our wildlife-viewing experiences that you literally cannot have anywhere else.”

Wyoming’s flagship park fits this consumer intent perfectly, with 2.2 million acres of backcountry trails, remote rivers, and wide-open glacial valleys. The park’s lack of cell service and internet coverage, meanwhile, is more a feature than a bug for travelers seeking to disconnect. 

“Yellowstone is also home to one of the largest ecosystems on Earth that remains largely intact,” Stevens said. “Meaning that when visitors are traveling there today, they’re seeing wildlife and other natural spaces that appear just as they have for thousands of years.”

Wildlife consistently ranks among Travel Wyoming’s strongest performing content, Stevens added. 

Yellowstone is America’s No. 1 national park on Google, passing the Grand Canyon. Bison tossing people and bad-behaving visitors help, as people can’t seem to get enough of would-be wildlife paparazzi crowding animals that only appear to be docile.

Daily Darwin: Friday, June 2, 2023

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