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<title>Daily Smile: Wednesday, February 8, 2023 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Now let's all watch a hedgehog take a bath...

Daily Smile: Wednesday, February 8, 2023

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Crime & Courts

Courts

The Haitian truck driver convicted of killing one Rawlins EMT and severely injuring another in a catastrophic Interstate 80 crash more than three years ago is asking the Wyoming Supreme Court to overturn his convictions, claiming prosecutors failed to prove the one thing jurors had to find beyond a reasonable doubt: that he acted recklessly.

Saviol Saint Jean, who was convicted last September after a weeklong jury trial in Sweetwater County, filed his opening appeal brief Tuesday.

Rather than claiming juror misconduct or errors by the trial judge, Saint Jean's attorneys contend the evidence itself wasn't enough to support guilty verdicts for aggravated homicide by vehicle and aggravated assault and battery. 

The case stems from the predawn hours of Dec. 21, 2022, when Saint Jean's semitrailer slammed into a parked ambulance that had responded to an earlier crash on Interstate 80 near Green River.

 and seriously injured ambulance driver 

Earlier this year, District Court Judge Suzannah Robinson 

Saint Jean to serve 12-14 years in prison, saying Harris' death was "preventable" while acknowledging Saint Jean had shown genuine remorse. 

During sentencing, Saint Jean apologized through an interpreter, telling Harris' family he wished he could "turn back time" and had never intended to hurt anyone.

[{"type":"text","text":"Now he is asking the state's highest court to erase those convictions."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Reasonable Doubt?"}]

The appeal focuses almost entirely on one legal question: whether prosecutors proved Saint Jean acted recklessly.

Under Wyoming law, prosecutors had to convince jurors that Saint Jean consciously disregarded a substantial and unjustifiable risk — not simply that he made a mistake or caused a terrible crash. 

"The state failed to prove, beyond a reasonable doubt, that Mr. Saint Jean acted recklessly," Assistant Appellate Counsel Brittany Thorpe wrote.

Instead, Thorpe argues, the evidence showed Saint Jean "misperceived the risk and defaulted to his training, which told him to slow down and change lanes."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"'Like The Las Vegas Strip'"}]

Jurors heard dramatically different explanations during 

Sweetwater County Attorney Daniel Erramouspe argued the crash scene was impossible to miss.

"It was lit up like the Las Vegas Strip," he told jurors during closing arguments, pointing to emergency lights, flashing hazards and other truck drivers who had safely navigated the area before Saint Jean arrived.

Erramouspe argued Saint Jean tried to "thread the needle" between disabled vehicles instead of slowing enough to safely negotiate the scene, calling that decision reckless.

The prosecution also emphasized that another commercial driver encountered the same wreck moments earlier but successfully avoided it.

Saint Jean's trial attorney, Joseph Hampton, painted a very different picture.

He argued Interstate 80 had become an extraordinarily dangerous maze after an initial collision between another semitruck and a pickup hauling a trailer blocked both lanes of travel with wreckage and debris.

The interstate, Hampton argued repeatedly, should have been closed before Saint Jean ever arrived.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"'Imperfect Decisions'"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Those same arguments now form the backbone of Saint Jean's appeal."}]

According to this week’s appeal, the initial crash blocked the right lane with one semi while trailer debris clogged the left lane. Another commercial truck stopped on the left shoulder after narrowly avoiding the wreckage, leaving little room for approaching traffic.

The appeal adds that no one had deployed emergency triangles, flares or warning cones before Saint Jean reached the scene. Instead, the brief argues, flashing emergency lights were the primary warning to approaching drivers. 

Attorneys also point to trial testimony that investigators could not determine the ambulance's exact location before it was struck.

"There was very little evidence" showing exactly where the ambulance had been parked, the appeal notes, citing Wyoming Highway Patrol testimony. 

[{"type":"text","text":"The defense says Saint Jean wasn't ignoring danger."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Instead, the appeal argues he responded exactly as he had been trained."}]

Testimony highlighted throughout the filing says Saint Jean reduced his speed by at least 20 mph, changed lanes away from emergency lights and began braking after realizing the ambulance was actually occupying the lane he had entered. 

Commercial driving instructors testified during trial that slowing down and moving away from emergency vehicles is nationally accepted CDL training.

The appeal also points to defense experts who testified Saint Jean likely misjudged the ambulance's location because of glare from emergency lights, darkness and the unusually complex geometry of the crash scene.

One defense expert testified that drivers often recognize hazards but still make imperfect decisions when confronted with sudden emergencies.

According to the appeal, Saint Jean wasn't distracted by a cellphone, wasn't listening to the radio, and wasn't fatigued. His attorneys also note he had only been driving commercial trucks for a few months and had traveled that stretch of Interstate 80 only a handful of times. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Comparing Cases"}]

Saint Jean's conduct doesn't resemble other Wyoming aggravated vehicular homicide cases that have survived Supreme Court review. 

Thorpe contrasts Saint Jean's case with previous decisions involving drivers who inhaled intoxicants before driving, knowingly drove while dangerously fatigued or sped recklessly through traffic while ignoring obvious hazards.

Instead, the appeal relies heavily on a 2020 Wyoming Supreme Court decision overturning another aggravated vehicular homicide conviction because prosecutors failed to prove the driver consciously disregarded fatigue before a fatal crash.

Like that case, Thorpe argues, Saint Jean may have made a tragic mistake, but prosecutors never proved he consciously ignored a known risk. 

The Wyoming Attorney General's Office will now file a response defending the convictions before the Wyoming Supreme Court considers the appeal.

The justices could affirm the convictions, reverse them outright or order additional proceedings in district court.

For the Supreme Court, the question is whether the evidence presented to jurors was legally sufficient to prove beyond a reasonable doubt that Saint Jean acted recklessly.

Crash scene Rawlins EM Ts 2 9 11 25

<title>Haitian Trucker Who Plowed Into Rawlins EMTs Wants His Conviction Overturned | Cowboy State Daily</title>

The Haitian truck driver who killed one Rawlins EMT and severely injured another in a catastrophic I-80 crash more than three years ago is asking the Wyoming Supreme Court to overturn his convictions. He claims prosecutors never proved he was “reckless."

Haitian Trucker Who Plowed Into Rawlins EMTs Wants His Conviction Overturned

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's business and tourism reporter, Renée Jean

Renée Jean

Energy

When Wyoming oilman Howard Cooper finally got word he could drill two 2.5-mile-long horizontal wells in the Powder River Basin, it wasn’t just a triumph of geology. It was a marathon for the key federal lease that made his wells economic. 

Those two leases were but thin slices of the 2.5-mile-long lateral that made up each horizontal well, cutting across the line, but might as well have been the Great Wall of China as far as Cooper was concerned.

Cooper, who owns Three Crown Petroleum, told Cowboy State Daily he can permit and drill a typical oil well on private minerals in about five weeks in Wyoming, at least on paper. That’s two weeks for state permits, one week to build a pad and move in a drilling rig, and two weeks to drill. 

But when federal leases are involved, timelines can stretch dramatically, particularly if litigation and additional environmental reviews are triggered. 

That makes any well with a federal lease a gamble with million-dollar stakes.

Cooper’s two-well program is a case study in how even the tiniest sliver of federal land can hang up a drilling project, tying up capital while the operator misses out on economic opportunities vital to keeping smaller companies afloat. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"A Lease That Sat For Years"}]

The story starts long before Cooper, with a federal lease that sat in limbo for years. 

The lease was originally issued to Anschutz as part of a series of federal sales between 2015 and 2020 across several western states, including Wyoming, which accounted for 1,232 of the 1,323 leases sold during that time. 

The leases were challenged by conservationists, who said the environmental analysis of water usage, sage-grouse protections and greenhouse gas emissions were inadequate.

A judge agreed, ordering a 200-page supplemental environmental review to redo aquifer and sage-grouse analysis for the sales, which also included some areas in Nevada, Utah and Montana.

Bureau of Land Management spokesmen said at the time that such reviews have been required under the National Environmental Policy Act in similar cases to ensure impacts are fully considered before development moves forward.

To create a viable oil and gas well, Cooper needed to add Anschutz’s disputed lease to existing leases he already held in the area. He had already put together enough leases for a 1.75-mile and a 1.25-mile well, but for the project to be economic, Cooper said he needed each well to have a lateral of at least 2.5 miles.

“That essentially doubles your reserves,” he said. “But doesn’t add that much more to the cost.”

So Cooper signed an agreement to purchase Anschutz’s lease, despite the ongoing legal and regulatory uncertainty tied to it, on Nov. 4, 2025. 

They were the last two puzzle pieces he needed for a viable project. 

From then until now, when he’s finally received the go-ahead to drill, it’s been eight months. 

Taken together, though, that thin slice of federal minerals — from its original lease sale years ago to final permitting today — carries a timeline of roughly seven years. 

That piece was essential, however, to extending Cooper’s wells to 2.5 miles, making the overall project economic.

During that time, Cooper estimates he committed in excess of $1 million across the two Powder River wells — money he had to pay up front 

 while also keeping his business afloat. 

Putting a well together involves is an exercise in a bit of business gymastics, with a dash of mathematics and puzzle making thrown in.

Cooper sited his well pad just outside of the sage-grouse corridor Wyoming has established, saving him an additional $375,000 per well by not having to purchase sage-grouse credits. 

Cooper also bundled two other wells in nearby Johnson County into his Powder River project to further lower the cost of drilling. So, even though the Johnson County wells didn’t have the same federal complications, they couldn’t move forward either until the entire package was ready to go.

“By signing a four-well drilling program, we save a considerable amount of money,” Cooper said. “So we went down this road of one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight months of our capital is tied up. 

“It’s a lot of capital tied up. We know the oil is there, if they would just let us drill and produce it.”

Meanwhile, the market shifted substantially. 

“If we could have drilled these wells three months ago, we would have had three months of oil at $100 a barrel,” he said. “Now we’ve lost 30% of value. It’s gone from $100 a barrel to $70.”

Cooper estimates that, taken together, the four wells would have produced around 300,000 barrels of oil during that three-month period of $100 oil. He bases that figure on production from nearby offset wells, which have already extracted roughly 100,000 barrels each.

“We’re still going to get a return on our investment,” Cooper said. “But we’d have gotten a much better return … if we could have drilled these wells three months ago.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Reform Push Underway"}]

Getting his permits required more than waiting. 

“We worked with Gov. Mark Gordon’s office, Western (Energy) Alliance, both U.S. senators and House representatives,” he said. “We had to work with everybody to get this stuff, which should not be necessary. Why should I spend all that time when, if I drill on private minerals, I don’t have to do any of that. It takes a lot of my time, which I prefer to be focusing on putting together additional drilling deals, as opposed to spending a lot of time with all these different entities to try to get our permits issued.”

Industry leaders say Cooper’s experience is increasingly common. Wyoming Petroleum Association’s Ryan McConnaughey told Cowboy State Daily litigation has become common where federal leasing i involved, often due to the checkerboard nature of mineral leases in most western states. 

“I believe under President Biden’s administration was the first time that every lease sale was challenged,” he said.

While conservation groups have argued those challenges are necessary to ensure federal agencies fully comply with environmental law and account for cumulative impacts, McConnaughey said lawsuits are often filed late in the process, at the 11th hour, as a way to increase financial pressure on operators. 

“This isn’t really about making sure that the federal government is doing their due diligence,” McConnaughey 

said. “It’s become a concerted effort to stop oil and gas drilling on federal lands.”

Environmental reviews conducted for permits in many cases are now taking nearly a decade to complete, he said, which makes the flood of 11th-hour lawsuits even more troubling.

“Delays have become a hallmark of drilling on federal land,” he told Cowboy State Daily. “And that’s one of the reasons we have been advocating for reform.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"},{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Building At SPEED"}]

McConnaughey supports legislation from Wyoming’s congressional delegation called the Let America Build Act and the SPEED Act, which sets deadlines for legal challenges and allows states to take larger roles in administering the permitting process. 

McConnaughey said the change would improve efficiency without removing federal requirements. Critics, however, have raised concerns that tighter deadlines could limit legal oversight.

“It should be about making sure that the federal government is following the law,” McConnaughey said. “If that’s the case, those challenges need to take place immediately.”

Taking over regulatory oversight doesn’t reduce or eliminate any existing restrictions, he added. It just means state agencies are helping eliminate a bureaucratic chokepoint.

“That way the work is being done by local people who understand the industry, understand what is required, and could really speed up the process,” McConnaughey said. “I think that would be a game-changer for the industry here in Wyoming.”

Looking over the history of the new wells he’s about to drill, Cooper sees a sharp contrast between federal and state processes. 

“It’s absolutely insane,” he said. “We are moving pretty fast now, but this is one of those things where … it would be really helpful going forward if the Secretary of the Interior and the Secretary of Energy are focusing on streamlining the permitting process with the federal government. I would like to see it more in line with the way the state of Wyoming moves forward. fter you acquire the lease, then you approach the state of Wyoming and file for your permits. If you own the lease 100%, then it takes basically a two-week period from the time you apply for your permits to when they’re issued.

"After that, a rig moves onto the location, a well pad is built, and you’re “good to go.

“Then you just drill the well and tie your well to an existing oil line and an existing gas line, and you sell your product into the existing oil and gas lines and that’s how it works. It’s very efficient, and that’s what the federal government should strive for, because then it would generate a lot more revenue for the federal government.”

Three Crown Petroleum Campbell County 7 3 26 JPG

<title>Wyoming Company Missed Out On $100 Oil With 7-Year Wait To Drill On Federal Land | Cowboy State Daily</title>

A Wyoming oilman says it missed out on $100-a-barrel oil during a seven-year fight to get the OK to drill on federal land in the Powder River Basin. "We would have had three months of oil at $100 a barrel,” the owner said. “Now we’ve lost 30% of value."

Wyoming Company Missed Out On $100 Oil With 7-Year Wait To Drill On Federal Land

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's Feature Reporter, Andrew Rossi.

Andrew Rossi

Wyoming Life

Entertainment

The 250th birthday of the United States is being celebrated in communities across Wyoming, which means plenty of pyrotechnics in many — but not all — cities and towns.

Fireworks displays are planned in many of Wyoming’s largest communities on July 4, although many annual displays have already been canceled because of dry conditions.

Many shows in eastern Wyoming have been called off because of extreme fire danger, although their other Independence Day events are going forward. Personal fireworks have been banned in several communities or are only permitted during certain times. It’s best to check your local regulations to see if they’re allowed in your town.

Here’s a list of the biggest fireworks displays in Wyoming, along with the times and locations for the best celebrations and viewing locations. Unless otherwise noted, all the shows will be held on the evening of July 4.

If we’ve missed a Wyoming show, please email us at 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Alpine"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: American Legion Ball Field"}]

What Else: After a full day of vendors and activities at Marge Grover Park, the annual parade starts heading down Highway 89 at 7 p.m.

Lincoln County is staging a scavenger hunt where participants can win a commemorative Lincoln County America 250 Challenge Coin, along with other commemorative coins from Alpine and other communities.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Big Piney"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: After Dark"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Marbleton Hill"}]

What Else: The day starts with a pancake breakfast and Chuckwagon Chug in the Big Piney Rec parking lot at 7 a.m., followed by the 10 a.m. parade, and a post-parade barbecue at the Sublette County Fairgrounds. Residents can enjoy a cornhole tournament and street dance at the EnCana Picnic Shelter from 1-6 p.m.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Casper"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time:  Around 10 p.m."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Ford Wyoming Center"}]

What Else: The gates at the Ford Wyoming Center will open at 6 p.m. Families are encouraged to bring picnics and camp chairs, but the live music, vendors, and on-site activities will not be present this year.

Due to drought conditions, consumer fireworks are prohibited in the Casper area and adjacent public lands.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Cheyenne"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: About 9:40 p.m."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Over the Capitol"}]

What Else: Cheyenne’s parade starts at 9 a.m., followed by Cheyenne’s America’s 250th on the steps of the Wyoming Capitol at 1 p.m. The fireworks finale will be accompanied by a live performance of the Cheyenne Symphony Orchestra, starting at 8:30 p.m.

The fireworks will be launched from Frontier Park, which won’t be open for public viewing. Lions Park will only be open to foot traffic, and Carey Avenue will be closed to vehicles starting at 3 p.m.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Cody"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: Dusk (about 10 p.m.)"}]

Location: Across the Shoshone River, north of the Cody Nite Rodeo grounds.

What Else: The annual Cody Stampede Rodeo parade will begin at 9:30 a.m., along with the Wild West Arts Fest in City Park, and 2 p.m. matinee performances of Buffalo Bill’s Wild West Spectacular at the historic Cody Theatre.

The Buffalo Bill Center of the West will be open with the exhibits “Arms of the American Revolution” and “Buffalo Nation.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Devils Tower"}]

The Devils Tower KOA campground will not host a fireworks show in 2026 due to extreme fire danger. Personal fireworks are “expressly prohibited.”

What Else: The Devils Tower KOA is hosting a cornhole tournament and its annual mullet contest.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Douglas"}]

The Douglas Volunteer Fire Department canceled the annual fireworks due to ongoing drought conditions and wildlife concerns.

What Else: The Freedom Fest Patriotic Kiddie Parade begins at 10:45 a.m. on Center Street and goes through Washington Park, where the annual First Responders Freedom Fest & 5K will be held. The City of Douglas 250th Street Dance begins at 7 p.m. on Walnut Street.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Dubois"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Dubois Town Park."}]

What Else: Events include an 8 a.m. pancake breakfast in Town Park, a “Touch a Tank” event hosted by the National Museum of Military Vehicles, a coin dig, duck races, and other events throughout town.

The Fourth of July parade starts at 2 p.m. at Town Park. Rodeo Time at the Clarence Allision Memorial Arena starts at 5 p.m., followed by a street dance at 7 p.m.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Evanston"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: 9:30 p.m."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: E Hill"}]

What Else: Evanston’s annual Fresh Air, Freedom, and Fun Festival will be held from 8 a.m. to 4 p.m. at Bear Meadows Greenway. Events include a Fun Run and Walk and the City Council Watermelon Bust at 1 p.m.

Fireworks are permitted in Evanston from 5 p.m. to midnight, as well as in Lyman. No fireworks are allowed in Mountain View, and U.S. Forest Service or BLM lands. There are no restrictions on private land.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Fort Laramie"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: Dusk, roughly 9 p.m."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Fort Laramie South Park"}]

What Else: The 250th Independence Day Celebration at Fort Laramie National Historic Site begins with a flag raising and cannon firing at 9:30 a.m. There will be a 38-gun salute at noon, followed by a historic baseball game at 1 p.m., a Pony Express demonstration at 2, and a retreat parade at 5:15.

The Fort Laramie Fire Department’s annual barbeque begins at 5 p.m. at Fort Laramie South Park.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Gillette"}]

The annual fireworks displays at the Cam-Plex have been canceled due to extreme fire danger.

What Else: After Gillette’s 10 a.m. parade on 2nd Street, the hot dog feed, mud volleyball, and strongman/woman competition begins at noon at Bicentennial Park.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Lander"}]

Location: The DEQ parking lot at the Wyoming Life Resource Center & Mount Hope Cemetery

What Else: The Pioneer Day Parade begins at 10 a.m., followed by the Rotary July 4 BBQ at City Park from 11 a.m. to 2 p.m. The 132nd Fremont Toyota Pioneer Days Rodeo starts at 7 p.m.

The city of Lander allows open containers from 9 a.m. to midnight, and fireworks are permitted from 10 a.m. to midnight with some exclusions. Fremont County has banned fireworks outside municipal limits.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Laramie"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: About 10 p.m."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Harney and 22nd Street"}]

What Else: Laramie’s 35th annual “Freedom Has a Birthday” celebration will be held at Washington Park from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m. The free event includes live music, food and retail vendors, and “old-fashioned games” for the kids.

The Fire in the Sky fireworks show, sponsored by the city of Laramie and WyoTech, will consist of over 300 aerial shells. Wolf Creek Broadcasting will feature a radio show synchronized to the fireworks display on their station 106.1 FM.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Jackson"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Time: Sunset (about 10 p.m.)"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Jackson Hole Mountain Resort and Snow King Mountain"}]

What Else: After a pancake breakfast on Town Square at 8 a.m., the Fourth of July Parade begins at 10 a.m. Concerts on the Commons start at 6 p.m.

Jackson Hole Mountain Resort in Teton Village will have fireworks displays. Snow King Mountain’s display starts at sunset.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Moorcroft\/Pine Haven"}]

The annual fireworks display at Keyhole State Park has been canceled due to extreme fire danger.

What Else: Pine Haven’s Independence Day parade will begin at 10 a.m. A cornhole tournament, water games, and a pie-baking contest, followed by a pie-eating contest, will be held at Waters Park starting at noon.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Pinedale"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Dudley Key Ballfields"}]

What Else: Pinedale’s 4th of July community picnic will be held at American Legion Park from noon to 2 p.m.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Ranchester\/Sheridan"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Tongue River Middle School."}]

What Else: Ranchester’s July 4th Celebration will be held at Town Hall Park and Event Hall. Events include an 8 a.m. pancake breakfast, the annual Wyo Wife Carry at 3 p.m.

Sheridan’s America’s 250th Community Picnic starts at 10 a.m. Kendrick Park, featuring volleyball and cornhole tournaments, and old-fashioned yard games will be at the Trail End State Historic Site.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Rawlins"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Location: Radio Control Area near the Rawlins Family Recreation Center."}]

Wyoming fireworks 7 3 20

<title>Happy 250th, America: Where To Watch Fireworks Across Wyoming | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Dozens of Wyoming communities will celebrate America’s 250th anniversary with bombastic fireworks displays, while others have been canceled because of extreme fire danger. Here's where Wyomingites can — and can't — see fireworks this Independence Day.

Daily Smile: Wednesday, February 8, 2023

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