One More For The Road

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Cowboy State Daily is Wyoming’s largest newspaper with Wyoming’s most experienced journalists. 

<title>One More For The Road: Tuesday, November 1, 2022 | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Halloween dog parade...

One More For The Road: Tuesday, November 1, 2022

Headshot of Cowboy State Daily's general assignment reporter, Clair McFarland.

Clair McFarland

Government & Politics

Politics

Local government heads in data-center heavy areas who spoke to Cowboy State Daily on Thursday say they’ve never signed non-disclosure agreements with data center companies.

Those include the mayor and county commission chair of the state’s most booming data center region – Cheyenne and Laramie County – as well as commission chairs of Uinta and Lincoln counties and the mayors of Casper and Afton.

The nonprofit economic development group Cheyenne LEADS reports 10 active data centers, five under construction and nine in planning in the Laramie County and Cheyenne area – more than any other Wyoming community.

Cheyenne Mayor Patrick Collins said he’s never signed a non-disclosure agreement with any company, though various companies – but not data centers – have asked him to.

“I have signed one NDA in my life, with (Cheyenne) LEADS, because I’m a board member, and that covers things I learned, information I learned as a member of the board, like board meetings,” said Collins, who sent Cowboy State Daily a copy of his Cheyenne LEADS NDA.

Cheyenne LEADS, though private, secures public contracts with Cheyenne and Laramie County to perform economic-development projects. It also has 

Its contracts with public entities are public, but its internal work as a private entity doesn’t have to be, said Collins.

“In my job as mayor, that is a public job, and anything I do in my job, it’s got to be transparent,” said Collins, who spoke of delineating his work with LEADS from his mayoral work.

Laramie County Commission Chair Gunnar Malm, who oversees meetings involving data center controversies frequently, gave a flat no.

“I have never signed an NDA nor have I ever been asked to,” wrote Malm in a Thursday text message. “I also am unaware of any commissioner or staff ever signing or being asked to sign one.”

He noted that the massive “Project Jade” data center project whose backer — Google — 

, is slated to be smaller than originally proposed. He also said that the county’s project approval passed “after all required public meetings and comment.”

[{"type":"text","text":"Nope, Nope, And Nope"}]

Cowboy State Daily contacted local government leaders of communities listed as data center hosts on 

. Though the map lists Afton as a hub for a Silverstar Communications data center, Mayor Jeff Jensen said that is not accurate. He also said he’s never signed such an NDA.

“We’ve had no interactions with anybody trying to locate a data center here,” said Jensen.

Cowboy State Daily called the leader of Afton’s encompassing county, Lincoln County Commission Chair Kent Connelly, for good measure.

“We haven’t signed an NDA with any of them,” said Connelly. “Nor do we have data centers.”

He added, however, “data centers make it possible for you to call me on my cellphone like this, so somebody’s going to have them.”

Uinta County Commission Chair Mark Anderson said the county hasn’t signed any NDAs with data center companies.  

Government entities get involved in data center permitting, land use and environmental approvals. But the government is less involved – and less able to announce project milestones – when the build is on private land, Anderson noted.

“A little bit of uniqueness about the data center in Uinta County, it’s on private land. We didn’t have as much say as to that,” said Anderson, adding that the county’s role was “strictly a zoning question: does it fit in our land use plan? Have they met the letter of the law?”

If they do, said Anderson, by way of explaining his 

 on a data center land-use approval, “my personal opinion on private property rights is, if it doesn’t put a strain on infrastructure and things of that nature, I’m a big supporter of private property rights.”

[{"type":"text","text":"The map shows data centers in the Casper area."}]

Mayor Ray Pacheco said as mayor and in his 12 years on City Council he’s never signed an NDA with a data center company nor heard of that. After checking with staff he called back and reiterated that.

“We don’t know of any nondisclosure agreements related to any data center projects in the City of Casper,” said Pacheco in a Thursday phone call. He also doesn’t know of any large data center projects within the city, though “that doesn’t mean there aren’t some smaller, private server rooms or computer facilities owed by local businesses.”

Natrona County Commission Chair Jim Milne did not respond by publication to a voicemail and text message request for comment.

[{"type":"text","text":"The Public Courtship"}]

The Converse County Commission made headlines in May for its 

 data centers. That would have required a special zoning maneuver that the Wyoming attorney general reportedly discouraged, since the county doesn’t have general zoning.

Commission Chair Jim Willox told Cowboy State Daily in a Thursday voicemail he’s “never been asked to sign one and never would sign (an NDA).”

“The companies we work with understand the open meetings and the public records (laws), and we work with them accordingly,” said Willox.

[{"type":"text","text":"Just A Little Law"}]

Tom Lubnau, a Gillette-based attorney who’s worked at length with Wyoming’s public-records law, said state law allows for local governments to sign NDAs with data center companies, but it’s complicated.

“The answer is, yes, you can do it. But it’s not unlimited,” said Lubnau.

[{"type":"text","text":"That’s because Wyoming’s public-records act is also not unlimited."}]

Government documents are public. But the law, found at Wyoming statute 16-4-203, expounds many instances in which the record-keeper “may” deny disclosure, and other instances in which he or she “shall” deny disclosure.

If an NDA sticks to the information for which governments can deny disclosure anyway, they may be legal, said Lubnau. “Trade secrets” are on that list.

The government “may” deny public disclosure of documents in investigations, test questions and metrics, real estate appraisals, interagency memoranda that wouldn’t be available by law to a private person suing the agency, documents that may jeopardize government building security, the job applications of prospective college or university presidents, and sensitive wildlife location data.

[{"type":"text","text":"The government “shall” deny disclosure of:"}]

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<title>Wyoming Local Officials Say They Never Signed Data Center Nondisclosure Agreements | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming local government leaders in data center-heavy areas who spoke with Cowboy State Daily on Thursday say they've never signed nondisclosure agreements with data center companies. The agreements can be legal if built correctly, however.

Wyoming Local Officials Say They Never Signed Data Center Nondisclosure Agreements

Employee kate meadows cropped

Kate Meadows

Agriculture

A severe water shortage has one irrigation district serving eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska is warning that it could run out by the first week of August unless farmers and ranchers sharply improve efficiency.

The Pathfinder Irrigation District, which serves parts of eastern Wyoming and the Nebraska panhandle, told customers this week it is experiencing "extremely high water losses" throughout its canal system, with seepage levels far greater than expected after one of the driest winters on record.

The district operates a vast canal network that diverts water from the North Platte River at Whalen Dam, delivering irrigation to more than 100,000 acres of farmland. The water originates in Pathfinder Reservoir southwest of Casper.

The reservoir is now less than 24% full, 

according to the Bureau of Reclamation website

. District officials warned in a statement that water losses in portions of the canal system are among the worst the district has ever experienced.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Drought Driving The Problem"}]

George Finnegan, North Platte water scheduler and civil engineer with the Bureau of Reclamation, told Cowboy State Daily the losses are being driven almost entirely by drought.

Peak snowpack during the 2025-26 winter in the upper North Platte Basin — which supplies roughly 75% of the North Platte River's water — was the worst on record, he said.

The effects have rippled through the entire North Platte irrigation system.

Wyoming also experienced its fifth-driest winter since statewide records began in 1895. Nearly the entire state remains in drought, with about 45% currently classified in extreme drought.

Irrigation districts commonly begin drawing water in April. This year, however, deliveries didn't begin until June because there simply wasn't enough runoff.

"There really hasn't been a lot of water in the river filling those banks," Finnegan said. "Those banks have been very thirsty this year."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"'Hungry Ground'"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"The drought is creating another challenge beyond reduced runoff."}]

Months of dry weather have left canal banks and surrounding soils parched, causing water to seep into the ground before it can reach farms downstream.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"That hungry ground — it takes up the water,\" Finnegan said."}]

The dry conditions mean irrigation districts must push even more water through their canals just to deliver the same amount to users at the end of the system.

Many irrigation districts across the North Platte Basin are facing similar seepage problems this year, he added.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Less Water Left Than A Year Ago"}]

The Bureau of Reclamation has begun sending weekly allocation letters to irrigation districts showing how much water remains available for the season.

[{"type":"text","text":"Such letters are only issued during low-water years."}]

Last year was also dry enough to warrant the letters, but irrigation districts still had the benefit of water carried over from wetter years.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"We've been kind of living off of that storage,\" Finnegan said."}]

As of Thursday, the Pathfinder Irrigation District had about 393,000 acre-feet of irrigation water remaining for the season.

[{"type":"text","text":"At the same point last year, about 676,900 acre-feet remained."}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Silt Run May Help, But Won't Solve Problem"}]

An annual "silt run" scheduled for Saturday is expected to provide some relief.

During the operation, water is released through reservoirs at higher flows to stir up sediment and carry it downstream. As the silt settles into canal bottoms and banks, it reduces seepage losses.

But Pathfinder officials cautioned they cannot rely on the silt run alone to solve this year's water shortage.

Adding to the district's challenges, a June 8 storm caused extensive damage to the Pathfinder irrigation system, including seven canal breaches, five of them major. Repair work diverted crews and equipment that normally would have been preparing canals for the irrigation season.

On June 15, the district even sought to rent a water truck to assist with canal-repair efforts.

"We understand that this has been a difficult year for our users, and we recognize how important it is to deliver water as soon as possible," the district said in its public statement.

The district has also previously said it does not favor borrowing water for the 2026 irrigation season because of the high cost per acre-foot and the requirement that borrowed water be repaid before next year's irrigation season begins.

For now, district officials are urging irrigators to conserve every drop, warning that without improved efficiency, available irrigation water could be exhausted in a few weeks.

Pathfinder reservior Kyle Spradley via Alamy 7 9 26

<title>Eastern Wyoming Irrigation District Warns Water Could Vanish By Early August | Cowboy State Daily</title>

With Pathfinder Reservoir less than 24% full, some farmers and ranchers in eastern Wyoming and western Nebraska are being warned they could be out of irrigation water by the first week of August. Drought has left reservoirs drained and canals low.

Eastern Wyoming Irrigation District Warns Water Could Vanish By Early August

Kolby fedore

Kolby Fedore

Crime & Courts

Nearly two months after 26-year-old Ashley Rose Jackson was fatally shot during a child custody exchange in Casper, many questions about what happened remain unanswered.

The Casper Police Department told Cowboy State Daily on Thursday that the investigation into the May 15 shooting remains active. Because the case has not been closed, police said they are not yet able to release investigative records or discuss additional details.

On the night of the shooting, police said officers responded to the 400 block of East 15th Street for reports of gunfire and found two people dead: Jackson and 28-year-old Ethen Christopher Short, the father of her 3-year-old son, Will.

Investigators described it as a domestic incident involving two adults who knew each other and said the alleged shooter was also found dead at the scene.

[{"type":"text","text":"Jackson's death certificate lists her manner of death as homicide."}]

While investigators continue their work, Jackson's family says they hope Wyoming remembers the person she was before the tragedy.

Cowboy State Daily also reached out to Short's mother to offer her an opportunity to comment but did not receive a response.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Devoted Mother First"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Jackson was born in Casper in 1999 and spent her entire life in Wyoming."}]

She graduated from Natrona County High School and, according to her mother, Shannon Clark, found the two passions that defined her life: her son, Will, and photography.

"She wanted to be his mommy more than anything in the world," Clark said.

Jackson built Wildflower Lens Jackson Photography with the dream of making family photography affordable. She photographed weddings, maternity sessions, newborns and even Rainbow Bridge sessions for families preparing to say goodbye to beloved pets.

Photography wasn't simply a business. Clark said Jackson hoped it would someday allow her to work around Will's schedule and even homeschool him.

When photography alone wasn't enough to pay the bills, Jackson went to work as a server at the 19th Hole while continuing to grow her business.

According to Clark, her daughter had recently gotten back on her feet after separating from Short. She had a vehicle, was renting a home from her parents, had wedding bookings on her calendar and was supporting herself.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"She was making her life happen,\" Clark said."}]

Clark said she still thinks about the Mother's Day just before Jackson died. Her daughter surprised her with a silver cross necklace while wearing the matching gold one herself. Jackson was wearing that necklace when she was killed.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"She was glowing,\" Clark said. \"She had her whole life ahead of her.\""}]

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"'He's Not Going To Do Nothing'"}]

Clark remembers the early years of Jackson's relationship with Short differently than how it ended.

She said the couple appeared happy, looked forward to becoming parents, and celebrated Will's birth in January 2023.

[{"type":"text","text":"Over time, however, Clark said she noticed changes."}]

She described Short as increasingly withdrawn during family gatherings and later became concerned by what she believed was escalating behavior after the couple's breakup.

Clark recounted several incidents she believes marked a turning point, including what she described as a mental-health crisis, allegations that Short peeked through Jackson's windows and disagreements surrounding custody exchanges involving Will.

Cowboy State Daily has requested investigative records related to the case, but because the investigation remains active those records are not available for release.

[{"type":"text","text":"Looking back, Clark said one text message now haunts her."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"\"I told her, 'Please keep your firearm with you',\" she recalled."}]

Jackson replied: "'Mommy, I will. I'm going to be safe. I'm not worried about Ethan. He's not going to do nothing'."

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Final Custody Exchange"}]

On the night of May 15, Jackson and Short met near the Werner Wildlife Museum to exchange custody of their son.

Around 7:20 p.m., Casper police responded to reports of a shooting in the area of East 15th Street between Beech and Lincoln streets. 

Police have not publicly detailed what investigators believe occurred during the final moments before the shooting.

Clark said Jackson's father followed her to the exchange because he had a bad feeling but gave the pair some space. After Jackson arrived, he drove around the block before parking on Beech Street, where he could see the exchange from a distance.

After Jackson got their son buckled in his car seat, Clark said Short began walking toward the boy, and Jackson stepped in front of him, trying to keep him from reaching their son. 

[{"type":"text","text":"Clark said Short then shoved Jackson."}]

"That's when Billy stepped on it" Clark said, talking about Jackson's father. 

By the time he reached the parking lot, "it was too late for Ashley." She said Billy made it to his daughter moments after she was shot and witnessed Short turn the gun on himself.

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"Jackson's Legacy "}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Clark said the greatest heartbreak now belongs to Jackson's son."}]

She said Will witnessed the shooting and has since reenacted what happened while trying to make sense of it.

During the Fourth of July holiday, Clark said every firecracker caused him to jump because he believed he was hearing gunshots.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"The quiet moments are the hardest,\" Clark said."}]

[{"type":"text","text":"Today, Will lives with his grandparents."}]

Clark said raising him the way Jackson wanted has become her family's mission.

Friends and relatives are organizing a memorial golf scramble to benefit Will, and the family hopes to hold a candlelight vigil later this year when Jackson's oldest brother returns to Wyoming.

, a nonprofit initiative she said is being launched by Jackson's brother, Spencer, and family friend Shane Liberda. The organization plans to transform firearms connected to violent crimes into a source of hope by using proceeds to help victims of violence. Jackson and Will are expected to become the organization's first beneficiaries.

 to help provide long-term financial support for Will as he grows up without his parents.

For Clark, though, Jackson's legacy isn't measured by memorials or fundraisers.

It's measured every morning when a little boy wakes up in his grandparents' home.

[{"type":"text","text":"\"I'm raising her son the way she would want,\" Clark said. "}]

Ashley Rose Jackson 103978617 1779381730937021 r 7 9 26

<title>‘Quiet Moments Are The Hardest,’ Mom Says Of Casper Woman Killed By Ex-Boyfriend | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Two months after a Casper woman was killed during a child custody exchange with her ex-boyfriend, her mother says she wants people to know who her daughter was. "The quiet moments are the hardest," she said. "She had her whole life ahead of her."

‘Quiet Moments Are The Hardest,’ Mom Says Of Casper Woman Killed By Ex-Boyfriend

Wyoming’s lone U.S. House representative is demanding answers from Mark Zuckerberg on a Cheyenne-area data center wastewater contamination incident that caused the city’s reuse system to shut down for months.

The Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities (BOPU) issued a public notice June 26 that laboratory staff identified a bacterium, Cupriavaidus gilardii, in a wastewater sampling.

The board on July 2 identified the source of the initial contamination as Goat System LLC — a Meta ​data center company in the development known as Project Cosmo.

That public announcement about the contamination came more than four months after the Meta contractor — which is building an $800 million data center in south Cheyenne — disrupted the city’s reclaimed wastewater system with the rare bacterial contaminant.

The board had revoked Goat Systems’ industrial discharge privileges for fill-and-flush operations, and Cheyenne’s reuse water system was taken offline.

U.S. House Rep. Harriet Hageman demanded answers in a Thursday letter to Meta CEO Mark Zuckerberg.

“Many are rightfully concerned about high water consumption rates by data centers in our communities where every drop of water is accounted for and needed,” wrote Hageman, “so I am even more concerned that this contamination seemingly came from your facility’s closed-loop cooling system, a technology that is marketed as being a solution to high data center water consumption rates.”

Hageman added that, “Many Wyomingites are also rightfully concerned that they learned about this contamination on June 26 and that the Meta Cheyenne facility was identified as the culprit on July 2nd, when the discharge privileges for Goat Systems was revoked on March 24th.”

New industries seeking to enter small-community Wyoming life can only do so with support from local communities, wrote Hageman, “which is earned built on trust, collaboration and communication with our citizens.

“I am deeply concerned that Meta did not follow this model in this instance.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"textStyle"}],"text":"She poses five questions to Zuckerberg:"}]

• How did the contamination happen, including from the closed-loop cooling system — and had that happened elsewhere?

• When did the project companies and contractors learn of the issue and what steps did they take to alert the local, state and federal authorities and mitigate the threat?

• Where is the facility taking its wastewater now, and how will that prevent threats to Wyoming communities?

[{"type":"text","text":"• Does Meta plan community outreach on this incident?"}]

[{"type":"text","text":"• Can closed-loop cooling systems scale down water consumption safely?"}]

Hageman concluded, “Wyoming deserves information and consultation from the industries which plan to call our state home.”

A Meta spokesperson in a Thursday email reiterated the company's earlier statement on the contamination. 

"Meta is supporting the efforts of our general contractor, Fortis, to resolve this issue with the City of Cheyenne Board of Public Utilities," the statement says. "When the board shared that it found a substance in the city's wastewater — not public drinking water — Fortis immediately stopped discharging industrial wastewater and began hauling it offsite. Fortis also began its own water testing with an independent environmental specialist which has found no trace of the substance."

The statement concludes, "Meta is committed to being a good neighbor in Cheyenne, including through the protection of local water resources, and will continue encouraging collaboration between Fortis and the board until this situation is resolved.”

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"‘Unpleasant Surprise'"}]

The delay between the contamination and making it public 

Cheyenne City Councilman Pete Laybourn told Cowboy State Daily last week that learning the contamination originated from Meta's data center was unwelcome news.

"It's a very, very unpleasant surprise," Laybourn said. "I have a lot yet to learn. It definitely complicates matters."

Laybourn said he has already expressed concerns about some of the arrangements the city has made with data center operators, adding that he expects the disclosure will prompt additional discussion.

"It's about the last thing we need right now," he said. "But it's a reality we're going to have to work through.”

"I think it's a disappointment to everyone involved," he told Cowboy State Daily.

Collins also praised the BOPU for catching the contamination and getting the city's sewage reuse system cleaned up. 

Hageman and Zuckerberg 7 9 26

<title>Hageman Demands Answers From Zuckerberg About Cheyenne Data Center Contamination | Cowboy State Daily</title>

Wyoming U.S. Rep. Harriet Hageman in a Thursday letter is demanding answers from Meta founder Mark Zuckerberg about how its Cheyenne data center contaminated the city’s wastewater system. “I am deeply concerned,” she wrote.

Hageman Demands Answers From Zuckerberg About Cheyenne Data Center Contamination

Courts

A Manderson, Wyoming, man and woman have been charged after the suspicious death of an infant in a case where investigators say a camper where the child lived was filthy, overheated, had no running water and was littered with human waste, animal feces and meth.

The investigation began just after 10 a.m. Monday, when agents with the Wyoming Division of Criminal Investigation were notified of the suspicious, unattended death of an infant.

By the time Special Agent Anthony Giles arrived at Three Rivers Hospital in Basin, the baby's mother — 22-year-old Destynie Study — had already told investigators what she said happened that morning.

A newly filed affidavit in the case available Thursday says Destynie fed and changed the infant around 1:30 a.m. before putting the baby back to sleep in a crib inside the family's camper in Manderson. 

She told investigators she woke around 9:45 a.m. and found the infant unresponsive.

She immediately grabbed the child, climbed into her father's vehicle and started driving toward Three Rivers Hospital, calling 911 along the way. 

The affidavit says the baby lived in the camper with the mother, her father Travis Study, and another child who is just over a year old.

At the hospital, investigators said dirt covered Destynie's arms, legs and clothing, and what appeared to be lice eggs or significant dandruff near her scalp. 

"An overwhelming smell of body odor, urine and feces was coming from her person and the room," Giles wrote.

Investigators also documented dirt beneath the infant's fingernails and that "the same odor was permeating from the deceased infant's body."

"The infant's diaper was completely saturated in urine," Giles wrote, along with a small amount of feces and a live, moving insect inside the diaper after it was removed. 

[{"type":"text","marks":[{"type":"bold"}],"text":"5-Gallon Bucket Of Human Waste"}]

Armed with a search warrant, DCI agents later searched the camper where the family had been living. Outside sat several black garbage bags investigators believed had recently been placed there.

A Big Horn County grandfather and mother have been charged after a baby died Monday in a 95-degree trailer filled with feces, garbage and a 5-gallon bucket of human waste. "The infant's diaper was completely saturated in urine,” an investigator says.

One More For The Road: Tuesday, November 1, 2022

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